Lake Effect Snow What Is It

Lake effect snow (LES) is a local weather event that occurs when a cold air mass passes across an expanse of warm water creating convective snow bands. The phrase lake effect refers to a body of waters role in providing moisture to air that would otherwise be too dry to support snowfall. Lake Effect Snow Ingredients To grow a snowstorm, you need moisture, lift, and below-freezing temperatures. But for lake effect snow to occur, these special conditions are also required: A lake or bay of 100 km wide, or larger. (The longer the lake, the greater the distance the air must travel over it, and the greater the convection.)An unfrozen water surface. (If the water surface is frozen, the passing air is unable to pick up a little moisture from it.)A lake/land temperature difference of at least 23  °F (13  °C). (The greater this difference, the more moisture the air will take in and the heavier the LES.)Light winds. (If winds are too strong, say over 30 mph, it limits the amount of moisture that can evaporate from the waters surface into the air above.)    Lake Effect Snow Setup Lake effect snow is most common over the Great Lakes region from November to February. It often forms when low-pressure centers pass near the Great Lakes regions, opening the way for cold, arctic air to rush southward into the U.S. out of Canada. Steps to Lake Effect Snow Formation Heres a step-by-step explanation of how cold, Arctic air interacts with warm bodies of water to create lake effect snow. As you read through each, look at this LES diagram from NASA to help visualize the process. Below-freezing air moves across the warm lake (or body of water). Some of the lake water evaporates into the cold air. The cold air warms and picks up moisture, becoming more humid.As the cold air warms, it becomes less dense and rises.As air rises, it cools. (Cooler, moist air has the ability to form clouds and precipitation.)As the air moves some distance over the lake, moisture inside of the cooler air condenses and forms clouds. Snow may fall -- lake effect snow!As the air reaches the shoreline, it piles up (this happens because air moves more slowly over land than over water due to increased friction). This, in turn, causes additional lifting.Hills on the lee side (downwind side) of the lakeshore force air upward. The air cools further, encouraging cloud formation and greater snowfall.Moisture, in the form of heavy snow, is dumped on the south and east shores. Multi-Band vs. Single-Band Two types of lake effect snow events exist, single-band and multiband. Multi-band LES events occur when the clouds line up lengthwise, or in rolls, with the prevailing wind. This tends to happen when the fetch (the distance air must travel from the upwind side of the lake to the downwind side) is shorter. Multiband events are common to Lakes Michigan, Superior, and Huron.   Single-band events are the more severe of the two, and occur when winds blow cold air along the entire length of the lake. This longer fetch allows more warmth and moisture to be added to the air as it crosses the lake, resulting in stronger lake effect snow bands. Their bands can be so intense, they can even support thundersnow. Single-band events are common to Lakes Erie and Ontario. Lake Effect vs. Ordinary Snow Storms There are two main differences between lake effect snowstorms and winter (low pressure) snowstorms: (1) LES are not caused by low-pressure systems, and (2) theyre localized snow events. As a cold, dry air mass moves over the Great Lakes regions, the air picks up lots of moisture from the Great Lakes. This saturated air later dumps its water content (in the form of snow, of course!) over areas surrounding the lakes. While a winter storm may last a few hours to a few days on and off and impact several states and regions, lake effect snow will often produce snow continuously for up to 48 hours over a particular area. Lake effect snows can precipitate as much as 76 inches (193 cm) of light density snow in 24 hours with fall rates as high as 6 inches (15 cm) per hour! Because winds accompanying arctic air masses generally originate from a southwest to northwest direction, lake effect snow typically falls on the east or southeast sides of the lakes. Only A Great Lakes Event? Lake effect snow can happen wherever the conditions are right, it just so happens that there are few locations that experience all the needed ingredients. In fact, lake effect snow only occurs in three places worldwide: the Great Lakes region of North America, the east shore of Hudson Bay, and along the west coast of the Japanese islands of Honshu and Hokkaido. Edited by Tiffany Means Resource: Lake Effect Snow: Teaching Great Lakes Science. NOAA Michigan Sea Grant.   miseagrant.umich.edu

How Police Departments Handle Brutality Allegations

Police Brutality: Pervasive Problem or Rare Anomaly? There is no question that police brutality, when it occurs, is one of the most egregious violations of public trust that a public servant can commit. Police officers, those individuals taxed with protecting the public from danger, should never be in a situation where they pose a threat to the public. Furthermore, there is no question that police brutality occurs. Moreover, generally when there are allegations of police brutality, there has been some type of underlying violent incident. In addition, while issues of brutality may seem clear-cut to a disinterested observer, it is critical to keep in mind that law enforcement officers are not presented with textbook examples of the appropriate or inappropriate use of force, but real-life scenarios involving quick decisions. There are many arrest and non-arrest scenarios where officers need to use force to protect self or others; and the degree of force required may be greater than what a disinterested observer would assume. Another recu rrent issue in debates about police brutality is that racial bias appears to be a motive behind police brutality. When one considers that minorities are disproportionately likely to be arrested and convicted of crimes, one would expect to find a disproportionate number of minorities among those alleging police brutality. Therefore, while acknowledging that police brutality, when it occurs, is a serious problem, the reality is that mostShow MoreRelatedPolice Brutality1263 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Police Brutality Did you know that Police brutality is the intentional use of excessive force, usually physical, but potentially also in the form of verbal attacks and psychological intimidation, by a police officer? Despite major improvements in police practices (since 1981) reports of alleged police misconduct and abuse continue to spread through the nation. Police Brutality still goes on around the world today with improvements of enforcing police brutality in police departments. There haveRead MorePolice Brutality in NYC1424 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Police Brutality in NYC Police brutality is the use of excessive physical force, including beating citizens with hands or batons, or using guns, and even lethal weapons. For the vast majority of citizens, this is something they never have experienced. Many police officers go their entire careers without ever having to draw their weapon or even engage in a serious physical confrontation in order to protect themselves or the public from an offender. A very small percentage ofRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Racism And Brutality By Cassandra Chaney1226 Words   |  5 PagesIn the article, Racism and Brutality in America, author Cassandra Chaney presented the case of Rodney King, a forty-seven year old African-American taxi driver, who was brutally attacked four LAPD police officers. According to her novel, the aim of her study was â€Å"to examine how the public generally perceive police and how race and racism shape this discourse.† Unfortunately, the public was left clueless. Rodney King’s case was left unfinished as the media never released any studies of implicationsRead MorePolice Brutality And The United States1630 Words   |  7 Pages Police Brutality is an ongoing problem and existent concern in the United States and should be resolved immediately. Law enforcement must function as an element that consists of organized and civilized officers. The p resence of police brutality is becoming more of an issue as society grows. The problem posed by the illegal exercise of police power is an ongoing reality for individuals of a disfavored race, class, or sexual orientation. Police brutality must be stopped so that police do not forgetRead MorePolice Brutality Within The African American Community1265 Words   |  6 PagesAsad Bidiwala RHE 306 August 13, 2015 Police Brutality within the African-American Community The specific audience of my argumentation is the racially ignorant white populations that refuse to acknowledge the idea that police brutality towards the African-American race is evident amongst our society. The racially ignorant white population assumes that police brutality is used as a defense mechanism rather than an appeal to racism towards African-Americans. This hostile audience becomes uncomfortableRead MoreA Brief Note On Police Brutality And America1098 Words   |  5 PagesAndrea Studebaker November 18, 2015 ENG 1113 CRN 12896 E4FD Police Brutality in America On April 12th, 2015, a young man named Freddie Gray, was arrested for allegedly having an illegal switchblade on his person. That same day, Gray entered a police van for transport, seemingly fine. Only to leave that same police van half an hour later, in a coma, with severe injuries to his spinal cord. Thirty minutes is all it took, for a seemingly healthy man, to end up in the back of an ambulance.Read MoreA Report On Police Brutality1367 Words   |  6 PagesStudent Name Instructor Date Course Police Brutality There is various forms of human rights violation currently in the United States, however; Police abuse remains the most serious of them all. Police brutality is, therefore, the use of excessive force or even unnecessary force by the police while they are dealing with civilians. People are left wondering if the police are doing the jobs they were appointed to do under the law. They act in ways such as the use of guns and pepper sprays to intimidateRead MoreThe Actions Of The Police Force1358 Words   |  6 Pagesof the police, there is usually always a backstory to the event that causes an uproar in the Nation. Factors that contribute to these kinds of things are racism, corruption, and the training the police force goes through. To start off, one of the main leading factors that contributes to brutal retaliation of innocent citizens is racism. There follows back a long history of violence, slavery, and war against the races, which creates much tension with each other. It is reported that police shoot andRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Police Agency Essay1715 Words   |  7 PagesPolice agencies have been traumatized with allegations of corruption and misconduct almost since the inception of law enforcement. In most organizations, an employee investigation is a sensitive issue. The employee being investigated can become unsettled, many times mentally and emotionally exhausted. Employees directly and indirectly involved can also become emotionally drained. Consider the impact an internal affairs investigation has within a police agency as it struggles to maintain the confidenceRead MorePolice Brutality By Charles Shaw1777 Words   |  8 PagesPolice Brutality Abstract In the 1970’s the American government used the SWAT team in an estimate, few hundred times a year, however, in the recent days, there has been over 40,000 military style raids a year. Looking at the statistics from the National Counter Terrorism Department released in 2011, the number of private US citizens who were killed by terrorists in that year were 17. From a film by Charles Shaw, it is documented that at least 500 innocent Americans lose their lives to police brutality

The Banning Of free essay sample

# 8220 ; E For Ecstasy # 8221 ; By Nicholas Saunders Essay, Research Paper The Banning of # 8220 ; E for Ecstasy # 8221 ; by Nicholas Saunders The book entitled E for Ecstasy, by Nicholas Saunders, is a book of history, information, and narratives about the illegal drug rapture. The writer nowadayss a huge sum of information about many facets of the drug such as the history of the innovation of the drug, information about how the drug effects people in different ways, positive grounds to utilize the drug, side effects and negative grounds to utilize the drug, and an overview of how the drug has been accepted into assorted social groups. A cargo of this book, which was published in England in 1994, was ceased by Australian imposts agents in the spring of 1994 and has been banned in Australia of all time since. The prohibition on this book is presently still in topographic point and being upheld by the Australian authorities due to the manner the book portrays the drug rapture in a chiefly positive manner. We will write a custom essay sample on The Banning Of or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Harmonizing to the writer of the book, even anti-drug groups are opposed to the prohibition because they believe both sides of the narrative should be heard. As I read this book, at first I felt a enticement to seek ecstasy due to the positive manner in which the drug was described. After reading farther into the text, nevertheless, much more elaborate informatio N about the drug is brought 4th. For illustration, the book associates use of rapture with the civilizations of all sorts of illegal drugs. In my sentiment, the prohibition should be lifted because the book does non merely give the positive information about this drug. While the book does side towards the usage of the drug, it does supply all sorts of interesting information and instruction including negative informations about the drug. If information about drugs is kept in the dark, people will be tempted to seek information in potentially harmful ways. If information flows freely, nevertheless, people can normally be trusted to do smart picks. The latest turn to this otherwise traditional narrative is that the full text of the book is now available on the Internet, as is the text of many other banned books. Tocopherol is for Ecstasy can be found at: hypertext transfer protocol: //hyperreal.com/drugs/e4x/ While it is dry that the citizens of Australia can now derive electronic entree to this banned book, the more of import issue is one of the Internet # 8217 ; s ability to give people universe broad entree to anything. This is merely one more illustration of electronic information fluxing into a state where it non allowed. Because of the easiness at which banned books can now be obtained anyplace, the hereafter of what we now know every bit banned books has been everlastingly altered.

Coral Away Essay Essay Example

Coral Away Essay Paper The play Away by Michael Gow shoes the character of Coral to be in need of change in her distinctive world. Discuss how this applies to the play. Michael Gow’s play â€Å"Away† presents Coral as a character that is in urgent need to undergo profound change. At the introduction of the play, Coral is introduced to the audience as an emotionally unstable and isolated character. Through the use of stage directions, â€Å"Coral doesn’t respond†, it is clear that Coral is in her own distinctive world and alienated from society unable to deal with the real world. However, at the conclusion of the play, Coral is presented to be no longer absorbed in her own grief by being able to finally accept her son’s death and express her emotions with her husband, Roy. In the first Act, Scene 2, it is revealed that her son has passed away by Gwen stating, â€Å"She looks awful, poor woman, her son, you know†. After the death of her son, Coral has become â€Å"away† from herself and beginning to lose touch from reality. Coral is unable to participate in social circumstances as seen when Gwen tries to start a conversation as to which â€Å"Coral stares at her for a moment and then looks away†. We will write a custom essay sample on Coral Away Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Coral Away Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Coral Away Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This shows her ignorance and how she’s lost in her own world unable to realise anyone else. Through the soliloquy Corals unstable condition is emphasized through her speech showing that she is unable to cope consumed in a world of grief and misery. Within this monologue she makes a direct quote to her son, â€Å"Is it better for them to die like that? † referring to her young, innocent and perfect son. Corals soliloquy reveals her isolation and confusion by stating, â€Å"What angel wakes me from my flowery bed? This rhetorical question is repeated and expresses her world of grief finding it hard to cope. In Scene Three, Roy compares Coral to her behaviour â€Å"like a ghost†, wandering around â€Å"with that smile staring into the distance, not seeing anyone, ignoring people†. Coral replies, â€Å"But I’m not ignoring them. I can’t think of anything to say† highlighting her detachment and difficulty with communicating with others. Ro y speaks to Coral, â€Å"come back to reality†, to which Coral replies, â€Å"I mightn’t like it there. This dialogue shoes she is stuck in her own distinctive world and is scared that she will be unable to function in the ‘real world’ and therefore emotionally distances herself from society to ensure that other people are unable to see and share in her suffering. This emotional stress and inability to communicate and express her emotions with other, has caused a significant strain on Coral and her husband Roys marriage. Roy expresses, â€Å"Will you allow me that? Could you let me in on the sadness just a little? Through the use of these rhetorical questions the desperation and urgency of Roy’s tone conveys that while they are both suffering equally, Coral is trying to deal with the death individually blocking out all human contact including her husband. Coral states â€Å"It’s everywhere, isn’t it? In the air we breathe? † s howing that she is unable to escape her sadness and that grief has taken over her distinctive world. â€Å"We need a break. We need change†, through this statement is shown that Coral understands that change is necessary and that she cannot keep separating herself from reality. It expresses her determination towards change by using short and precise sentences. Coral explains to Roy, â€Å"We need a break. A rest. Rest and recreation. Let’s just get away†. The short sentences represent the anxiety to go â€Å"away† presenting the need for change and the need for time to escape their world full of â€Å"death, war [and] loss† that she is unable to escape from. The repetition of â€Å"We need a† acknowledges the fact that Coral is prioritising and accepting change. Roy tells Coral to be â€Å"like a human being† contrasting to the way she is now, reinforcing the fact that Coral has lost touch with reality and slipped into her own world. In Act 3, Scene 1, Coral and Roy decide to go on a holiday â€Å"away† in which they both hope will bring them time to change and bring happiness from the recent death of their son. At the beginning of the scene, we view Coral engaging in conversation with Leonie, another resident at the Hotel. The dialogue reveals a conversation that is unstable and awkward. Coral starts to become overpowering and questioning by asking, â€Å"Isn’t hard making contact with other people in this kind of place? Everyone’s enjoying themselves but, I don’t know, I feel it’s a bit forced, do you feel that? Are you really enjoying yourself? Or are you only pretending. To please your husband, perhaps? † The stage directions allow the audience to see that Leonie is â€Å"almost in tears† and asks â€Å"Why are you staring like that? † Coral ignores her questions and remarks and continues to question the woman. Corals language is cliche and proves she is still not coping. Coral starts to scare Leonie where she says â€Å"Let me go, please, I want to go† reinforcing Corals inability to make contact and communicate with other people and her lack of social skills. Rather than talking to the woman she starts to override the conversation and become overwhelming revealing her isolation and alienation. Coral continues to ignore the woman’s pleads to leave and Leonie begins to â€Å"struggle† and starts â€Å"crying† sobbing, â€Å"I want to go in. I’m hungry. Let me go†. This shows Coral is unable to concentrate on her own issues and decides to force herself upon someone else’s problems in order to take away her own pain. Coral then meets another important character named Rick. Rick uses short sentences and informal, simple language â€Å"A bit, I s’pose† showing his youthfulness and comfort around Coral. Through the conversation, Corals intuitiveness is revealed since she suddenly knows â€Å"so many people† and starts explaining everyone’s problems and issues other than her own. She states â€Å"there’s a couple who are both very ill and not telling each other† and â€Å"quite a few marriages on the rocks† and the fact that she explains â€Å"I know most of them, I think. † In Act 3, Scene 3, due to Coral being in her own self-absorbed world, she is unable to pick up on the flirtatious comments from Rick when he tells Coral, â€Å"But I get excited when I know it’s time to see you again†. Rick starts to talk about stopping communication with Coral, to which she replies â€Å"You’re still alive. You’re still alive and talking and laughing†. Coral has found a similarity between Rick and her son but unlike her son, Rick was able to escape conscription. Coral pulls Rick into the darkness and speaks, â€Å"Talk to me say something laugh† finding condolence in Rick due to him reminding her of her son. She explains to Roy, â€Å"We’re all here together† showing she’s in her own world viewing Rick as the missing piece to her family. Repetition of â€Å"You sent him away† is screamed by Coral to Roy emphasizing Rick’s comparison to her son and her inability to cope with the death of her son. Roy explains, â€Å"Look at you. Look at me† presenting them as two different individuals unable to communicate and work together through their loss. Roys shock treatment threat causes Coral to run away to find herself and sort things out. Coral finds herself in disguise on a beach. The beach is symbolic of healing and transformation to happen and seen as a stage of recovery for Coral. Coral’s healing process is accomplished through the help of Tom’s empathy. Tom reveals to the audience that â€Å"I told her a thing or two that helped† and that â€Å"She’s been talking to people she said. She doesn’t feel any different to anyone else anymore†. It is assumed Tom revealed his illness to Coral and has allowed Coral to let go of being self absorbed and understand that other people are going through situations just as horrible. In Act 4, Scene 2, Coral asks Tom, â€Å"You’re not feeling sick or anything? Tired? † showing Coral is starting to look beyond her own grief and care for others. Corals greatest change comes in the form of the use of a play within a play. Coral plays the part of a mermaid in a play performed by Coral and Tom called, ‘The Stranger on the Shore’. This is used to express Tom and Corals personal lives and is especially significant for Corals transformation and healing. By playing a mermaid from human form it reinforces her alienation and isolation from human form while following her son. Tom, represented as a ghost symbolizing her son, requests â€Å"You must return to your own world and your own people† and in response, Coral tells him, â€Å"I cannot walk, I am afraid† which suggests her fear towards the change. At first she is hesitant until Tom assists Coral in walking and then in the â€Å"American accent† used she says metaphorically, â€Å"I’m walking, I’m walking†, then in her own voice she says, â€Å"I’m walking, I’m walking, I’m walking†. The transition from Coral speaking with an American accent then suddenly to her own voice, presents the change in her character and Corals ability to move back into reality. The repetition of â€Å"I’m walking† enhances the change in Coral and how she has healed. Throughout the journey â€Å"away† Coral was able to undergo profound change and let go of dwelling in the past grieving over the loss of her son. Coral and Roy are reconciled through the gesture of the collecting sea shells where the use of stage directions pronounce, â€Å"Roy leans towards them and buries his face in the shells in Corals hands†. This acknowledges Corals ask for forgiveness for the past discretions and her acceptance to change in their lives. Coral welcomes Roy into her distinctive world to heal and unify together. Through this reconciliation they are able to now work through the grief together in contrast to the past and let go of her attachment of son and concentrate on a fresh perspective and healing.