Lake Effect Snow What Is It

Lake effect snow (LES) is a local weather event that occurs when a cold air mass passes across an expanse of warm water creating convective snow bands. The phrase lake effect refers to a body of waters role in providing moisture to air that would otherwise be too dry to support snowfall. Lake Effect Snow Ingredients To grow a snowstorm, you need moisture, lift, and below-freezing temperatures. But for lake effect snow to occur, these special conditions are also required: A lake or bay of 100 km wide, or larger. (The longer the lake, the greater the distance the air must travel over it, and the greater the convection.)An unfrozen water surface. (If the water surface is frozen, the passing air is unable to pick up a little moisture from it.)A lake/land temperature difference of at least 23  °F (13  °C). (The greater this difference, the more moisture the air will take in and the heavier the LES.)Light winds. (If winds are too strong, say over 30 mph, it limits the amount of moisture that can evaporate from the waters surface into the air above.)    Lake Effect Snow Setup Lake effect snow is most common over the Great Lakes region from November to February. It often forms when low-pressure centers pass near the Great Lakes regions, opening the way for cold, arctic air to rush southward into the U.S. out of Canada. Steps to Lake Effect Snow Formation Heres a step-by-step explanation of how cold, Arctic air interacts with warm bodies of water to create lake effect snow. As you read through each, look at this LES diagram from NASA to help visualize the process. Below-freezing air moves across the warm lake (or body of water). Some of the lake water evaporates into the cold air. The cold air warms and picks up moisture, becoming more humid.As the cold air warms, it becomes less dense and rises.As air rises, it cools. (Cooler, moist air has the ability to form clouds and precipitation.)As the air moves some distance over the lake, moisture inside of the cooler air condenses and forms clouds. Snow may fall -- lake effect snow!As the air reaches the shoreline, it piles up (this happens because air moves more slowly over land than over water due to increased friction). This, in turn, causes additional lifting.Hills on the lee side (downwind side) of the lakeshore force air upward. The air cools further, encouraging cloud formation and greater snowfall.Moisture, in the form of heavy snow, is dumped on the south and east shores. Multi-Band vs. Single-Band Two types of lake effect snow events exist, single-band and multiband. Multi-band LES events occur when the clouds line up lengthwise, or in rolls, with the prevailing wind. This tends to happen when the fetch (the distance air must travel from the upwind side of the lake to the downwind side) is shorter. Multiband events are common to Lakes Michigan, Superior, and Huron.   Single-band events are the more severe of the two, and occur when winds blow cold air along the entire length of the lake. This longer fetch allows more warmth and moisture to be added to the air as it crosses the lake, resulting in stronger lake effect snow bands. Their bands can be so intense, they can even support thundersnow. Single-band events are common to Lakes Erie and Ontario. Lake Effect vs. Ordinary Snow Storms There are two main differences between lake effect snowstorms and winter (low pressure) snowstorms: (1) LES are not caused by low-pressure systems, and (2) theyre localized snow events. As a cold, dry air mass moves over the Great Lakes regions, the air picks up lots of moisture from the Great Lakes. This saturated air later dumps its water content (in the form of snow, of course!) over areas surrounding the lakes. While a winter storm may last a few hours to a few days on and off and impact several states and regions, lake effect snow will often produce snow continuously for up to 48 hours over a particular area. Lake effect snows can precipitate as much as 76 inches (193 cm) of light density snow in 24 hours with fall rates as high as 6 inches (15 cm) per hour! Because winds accompanying arctic air masses generally originate from a southwest to northwest direction, lake effect snow typically falls on the east or southeast sides of the lakes. Only A Great Lakes Event? Lake effect snow can happen wherever the conditions are right, it just so happens that there are few locations that experience all the needed ingredients. In fact, lake effect snow only occurs in three places worldwide: the Great Lakes region of North America, the east shore of Hudson Bay, and along the west coast of the Japanese islands of Honshu and Hokkaido. Edited by Tiffany Means Resource: Lake Effect Snow: Teaching Great Lakes Science. NOAA Michigan Sea Grant.   miseagrant.umich.edu

How Police Departments Handle Brutality Allegations

Police Brutality: Pervasive Problem or Rare Anomaly? There is no question that police brutality, when it occurs, is one of the most egregious violations of public trust that a public servant can commit. Police officers, those individuals taxed with protecting the public from danger, should never be in a situation where they pose a threat to the public. Furthermore, there is no question that police brutality occurs. Moreover, generally when there are allegations of police brutality, there has been some type of underlying violent incident. In addition, while issues of brutality may seem clear-cut to a disinterested observer, it is critical to keep in mind that law enforcement officers are not presented with textbook examples of the appropriate or inappropriate use of force, but real-life scenarios involving quick decisions. There are many arrest and non-arrest scenarios where officers need to use force to protect self or others; and the degree of force required may be greater than what a disinterested observer would assume. Another recu rrent issue in debates about police brutality is that racial bias appears to be a motive behind police brutality. When one considers that minorities are disproportionately likely to be arrested and convicted of crimes, one would expect to find a disproportionate number of minorities among those alleging police brutality. Therefore, while acknowledging that police brutality, when it occurs, is a serious problem, the reality is that mostShow MoreRelatedPolice Brutality1263 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Police Brutality Did you know that Police brutality is the intentional use of excessive force, usually physical, but potentially also in the form of verbal attacks and psychological intimidation, by a police officer? Despite major improvements in police practices (since 1981) reports of alleged police misconduct and abuse continue to spread through the nation. Police Brutality still goes on around the world today with improvements of enforcing police brutality in police departments. There haveRead MorePolice Brutality in NYC1424 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Police Brutality in NYC Police brutality is the use of excessive physical force, including beating citizens with hands or batons, or using guns, and even lethal weapons. For the vast majority of citizens, this is something they never have experienced. Many police officers go their entire careers without ever having to draw their weapon or even engage in a serious physical confrontation in order to protect themselves or the public from an offender. A very small percentage ofRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Racism And Brutality By Cassandra Chaney1226 Words   |  5 PagesIn the article, Racism and Brutality in America, author Cassandra Chaney presented the case of Rodney King, a forty-seven year old African-American taxi driver, who was brutally attacked four LAPD police officers. According to her novel, the aim of her study was â€Å"to examine how the public generally perceive police and how race and racism shape this discourse.† Unfortunately, the public was left clueless. Rodney King’s case was left unfinished as the media never released any studies of implicationsRead MorePolice Brutality And The United States1630 Words   |  7 Pages Police Brutality is an ongoing problem and existent concern in the United States and should be resolved immediately. Law enforcement must function as an element that consists of organized and civilized officers. The p resence of police brutality is becoming more of an issue as society grows. The problem posed by the illegal exercise of police power is an ongoing reality for individuals of a disfavored race, class, or sexual orientation. Police brutality must be stopped so that police do not forgetRead MorePolice Brutality Within The African American Community1265 Words   |  6 PagesAsad Bidiwala RHE 306 August 13, 2015 Police Brutality within the African-American Community The specific audience of my argumentation is the racially ignorant white populations that refuse to acknowledge the idea that police brutality towards the African-American race is evident amongst our society. The racially ignorant white population assumes that police brutality is used as a defense mechanism rather than an appeal to racism towards African-Americans. This hostile audience becomes uncomfortableRead MoreA Brief Note On Police Brutality And America1098 Words   |  5 PagesAndrea Studebaker November 18, 2015 ENG 1113 CRN 12896 E4FD Police Brutality in America On April 12th, 2015, a young man named Freddie Gray, was arrested for allegedly having an illegal switchblade on his person. That same day, Gray entered a police van for transport, seemingly fine. Only to leave that same police van half an hour later, in a coma, with severe injuries to his spinal cord. Thirty minutes is all it took, for a seemingly healthy man, to end up in the back of an ambulance.Read MoreA Report On Police Brutality1367 Words   |  6 PagesStudent Name Instructor Date Course Police Brutality There is various forms of human rights violation currently in the United States, however; Police abuse remains the most serious of them all. 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Looking at the statistics from the National Counter Terrorism Department released in 2011, the number of private US citizens who were killed by terrorists in that year were 17. From a film by Charles Shaw, it is documented that at least 500 innocent Americans lose their lives to police brutality

The Banning Of free essay sample

# 8220 ; E For Ecstasy # 8221 ; By Nicholas Saunders Essay, Research Paper The Banning of # 8220 ; E for Ecstasy # 8221 ; by Nicholas Saunders The book entitled E for Ecstasy, by Nicholas Saunders, is a book of history, information, and narratives about the illegal drug rapture. The writer nowadayss a huge sum of information about many facets of the drug such as the history of the innovation of the drug, information about how the drug effects people in different ways, positive grounds to utilize the drug, side effects and negative grounds to utilize the drug, and an overview of how the drug has been accepted into assorted social groups. A cargo of this book, which was published in England in 1994, was ceased by Australian imposts agents in the spring of 1994 and has been banned in Australia of all time since. The prohibition on this book is presently still in topographic point and being upheld by the Australian authorities due to the manner the book portrays the drug rapture in a chiefly positive manner. We will write a custom essay sample on The Banning Of or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Harmonizing to the writer of the book, even anti-drug groups are opposed to the prohibition because they believe both sides of the narrative should be heard. As I read this book, at first I felt a enticement to seek ecstasy due to the positive manner in which the drug was described. After reading farther into the text, nevertheless, much more elaborate informatio N about the drug is brought 4th. For illustration, the book associates use of rapture with the civilizations of all sorts of illegal drugs. In my sentiment, the prohibition should be lifted because the book does non merely give the positive information about this drug. While the book does side towards the usage of the drug, it does supply all sorts of interesting information and instruction including negative informations about the drug. If information about drugs is kept in the dark, people will be tempted to seek information in potentially harmful ways. If information flows freely, nevertheless, people can normally be trusted to do smart picks. The latest turn to this otherwise traditional narrative is that the full text of the book is now available on the Internet, as is the text of many other banned books. Tocopherol is for Ecstasy can be found at: hypertext transfer protocol: //hyperreal.com/drugs/e4x/ While it is dry that the citizens of Australia can now derive electronic entree to this banned book, the more of import issue is one of the Internet # 8217 ; s ability to give people universe broad entree to anything. This is merely one more illustration of electronic information fluxing into a state where it non allowed. Because of the easiness at which banned books can now be obtained anyplace, the hereafter of what we now know every bit banned books has been everlastingly altered.

Coral Away Essay Essay Example

Coral Away Essay Paper The play Away by Michael Gow shoes the character of Coral to be in need of change in her distinctive world. Discuss how this applies to the play. Michael Gow’s play â€Å"Away† presents Coral as a character that is in urgent need to undergo profound change. At the introduction of the play, Coral is introduced to the audience as an emotionally unstable and isolated character. Through the use of stage directions, â€Å"Coral doesn’t respond†, it is clear that Coral is in her own distinctive world and alienated from society unable to deal with the real world. However, at the conclusion of the play, Coral is presented to be no longer absorbed in her own grief by being able to finally accept her son’s death and express her emotions with her husband, Roy. In the first Act, Scene 2, it is revealed that her son has passed away by Gwen stating, â€Å"She looks awful, poor woman, her son, you know†. After the death of her son, Coral has become â€Å"away† from herself and beginning to lose touch from reality. Coral is unable to participate in social circumstances as seen when Gwen tries to start a conversation as to which â€Å"Coral stares at her for a moment and then looks away†. We will write a custom essay sample on Coral Away Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Coral Away Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Coral Away Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This shows her ignorance and how she’s lost in her own world unable to realise anyone else. Through the soliloquy Corals unstable condition is emphasized through her speech showing that she is unable to cope consumed in a world of grief and misery. Within this monologue she makes a direct quote to her son, â€Å"Is it better for them to die like that? † referring to her young, innocent and perfect son. Corals soliloquy reveals her isolation and confusion by stating, â€Å"What angel wakes me from my flowery bed? This rhetorical question is repeated and expresses her world of grief finding it hard to cope. In Scene Three, Roy compares Coral to her behaviour â€Å"like a ghost†, wandering around â€Å"with that smile staring into the distance, not seeing anyone, ignoring people†. Coral replies, â€Å"But I’m not ignoring them. I can’t think of anything to say† highlighting her detachment and difficulty with communicating with others. Ro y speaks to Coral, â€Å"come back to reality†, to which Coral replies, â€Å"I mightn’t like it there. This dialogue shoes she is stuck in her own distinctive world and is scared that she will be unable to function in the ‘real world’ and therefore emotionally distances herself from society to ensure that other people are unable to see and share in her suffering. This emotional stress and inability to communicate and express her emotions with other, has caused a significant strain on Coral and her husband Roys marriage. Roy expresses, â€Å"Will you allow me that? Could you let me in on the sadness just a little? Through the use of these rhetorical questions the desperation and urgency of Roy’s tone conveys that while they are both suffering equally, Coral is trying to deal with the death individually blocking out all human contact including her husband. Coral states â€Å"It’s everywhere, isn’t it? In the air we breathe? † s howing that she is unable to escape her sadness and that grief has taken over her distinctive world. â€Å"We need a break. We need change†, through this statement is shown that Coral understands that change is necessary and that she cannot keep separating herself from reality. It expresses her determination towards change by using short and precise sentences. Coral explains to Roy, â€Å"We need a break. A rest. Rest and recreation. Let’s just get away†. The short sentences represent the anxiety to go â€Å"away† presenting the need for change and the need for time to escape their world full of â€Å"death, war [and] loss† that she is unable to escape from. The repetition of â€Å"We need a† acknowledges the fact that Coral is prioritising and accepting change. Roy tells Coral to be â€Å"like a human being† contrasting to the way she is now, reinforcing the fact that Coral has lost touch with reality and slipped into her own world. In Act 3, Scene 1, Coral and Roy decide to go on a holiday â€Å"away† in which they both hope will bring them time to change and bring happiness from the recent death of their son. At the beginning of the scene, we view Coral engaging in conversation with Leonie, another resident at the Hotel. The dialogue reveals a conversation that is unstable and awkward. Coral starts to become overpowering and questioning by asking, â€Å"Isn’t hard making contact with other people in this kind of place? Everyone’s enjoying themselves but, I don’t know, I feel it’s a bit forced, do you feel that? Are you really enjoying yourself? Or are you only pretending. To please your husband, perhaps? † The stage directions allow the audience to see that Leonie is â€Å"almost in tears† and asks â€Å"Why are you staring like that? † Coral ignores her questions and remarks and continues to question the woman. Corals language is cliche and proves she is still not coping. Coral starts to scare Leonie where she says â€Å"Let me go, please, I want to go† reinforcing Corals inability to make contact and communicate with other people and her lack of social skills. Rather than talking to the woman she starts to override the conversation and become overwhelming revealing her isolation and alienation. Coral continues to ignore the woman’s pleads to leave and Leonie begins to â€Å"struggle† and starts â€Å"crying† sobbing, â€Å"I want to go in. I’m hungry. Let me go†. This shows Coral is unable to concentrate on her own issues and decides to force herself upon someone else’s problems in order to take away her own pain. Coral then meets another important character named Rick. Rick uses short sentences and informal, simple language â€Å"A bit, I s’pose† showing his youthfulness and comfort around Coral. Through the conversation, Corals intuitiveness is revealed since she suddenly knows â€Å"so many people† and starts explaining everyone’s problems and issues other than her own. She states â€Å"there’s a couple who are both very ill and not telling each other† and â€Å"quite a few marriages on the rocks† and the fact that she explains â€Å"I know most of them, I think. † In Act 3, Scene 3, due to Coral being in her own self-absorbed world, she is unable to pick up on the flirtatious comments from Rick when he tells Coral, â€Å"But I get excited when I know it’s time to see you again†. Rick starts to talk about stopping communication with Coral, to which she replies â€Å"You’re still alive. You’re still alive and talking and laughing†. Coral has found a similarity between Rick and her son but unlike her son, Rick was able to escape conscription. Coral pulls Rick into the darkness and speaks, â€Å"Talk to me say something laugh† finding condolence in Rick due to him reminding her of her son. She explains to Roy, â€Å"We’re all here together† showing she’s in her own world viewing Rick as the missing piece to her family. Repetition of â€Å"You sent him away† is screamed by Coral to Roy emphasizing Rick’s comparison to her son and her inability to cope with the death of her son. Roy explains, â€Å"Look at you. Look at me† presenting them as two different individuals unable to communicate and work together through their loss. Roys shock treatment threat causes Coral to run away to find herself and sort things out. Coral finds herself in disguise on a beach. The beach is symbolic of healing and transformation to happen and seen as a stage of recovery for Coral. Coral’s healing process is accomplished through the help of Tom’s empathy. Tom reveals to the audience that â€Å"I told her a thing or two that helped† and that â€Å"She’s been talking to people she said. She doesn’t feel any different to anyone else anymore†. It is assumed Tom revealed his illness to Coral and has allowed Coral to let go of being self absorbed and understand that other people are going through situations just as horrible. In Act 4, Scene 2, Coral asks Tom, â€Å"You’re not feeling sick or anything? Tired? † showing Coral is starting to look beyond her own grief and care for others. Corals greatest change comes in the form of the use of a play within a play. Coral plays the part of a mermaid in a play performed by Coral and Tom called, ‘The Stranger on the Shore’. This is used to express Tom and Corals personal lives and is especially significant for Corals transformation and healing. By playing a mermaid from human form it reinforces her alienation and isolation from human form while following her son. Tom, represented as a ghost symbolizing her son, requests â€Å"You must return to your own world and your own people† and in response, Coral tells him, â€Å"I cannot walk, I am afraid† which suggests her fear towards the change. At first she is hesitant until Tom assists Coral in walking and then in the â€Å"American accent† used she says metaphorically, â€Å"I’m walking, I’m walking†, then in her own voice she says, â€Å"I’m walking, I’m walking, I’m walking†. The transition from Coral speaking with an American accent then suddenly to her own voice, presents the change in her character and Corals ability to move back into reality. The repetition of â€Å"I’m walking† enhances the change in Coral and how she has healed. Throughout the journey â€Å"away† Coral was able to undergo profound change and let go of dwelling in the past grieving over the loss of her son. Coral and Roy are reconciled through the gesture of the collecting sea shells where the use of stage directions pronounce, â€Å"Roy leans towards them and buries his face in the shells in Corals hands†. This acknowledges Corals ask for forgiveness for the past discretions and her acceptance to change in their lives. Coral welcomes Roy into her distinctive world to heal and unify together. Through this reconciliation they are able to now work through the grief together in contrast to the past and let go of her attachment of son and concentrate on a fresh perspective and healing.

Jefferson and Hamilton on essays

Jefferson and Hamilton on essays Andrew Jackson was elected by the people and sought to act as the direct representative of the common man. Through his determination, Jackson helped to shape the democratic party as the prototype of the modern political organization. In Andrew Jacksons presidential inauguration speech of 1829 Jackson foreshadowed his triumphs in office, stating that: The Federal Constitution must be obeyed, states rights preserved, our national debt must be paid, direct taxes and loans avoided, and the Federal Union preserved. These are the objects I have in view, and regardless of all consequences, will carry into effect. Jacksons first modification in office was rewarding his political supporters with office positions, forming a cabinet of close friends and family who became known as the Kitchen Cabinet. This concept of rewarding political supporters with public office positions had existed since the founding of the republic. However, Jackson stretched this system and made it a policy of his administration to prevent the growth of an entrenched bureaucracy. Jackson replaced several experienced political veterans with his own democratic followers in what he called rotation in office. In 1832, Senator William L. Marcy of New York, defended Jackson and the rule that to the victor belong the spoils of the enemy. Thus, the rotation in office was renamed the spoils system. Jacksons desire for a rotation in office can be paralleled to Jeffersons conflict with the judiciary system during his first term in office. Jefferson and the Republicans saw the federal judiciary branch as the opposition party and a potential obstruction to the administration. He viewed the midnight judges as null and void and eventually repealed the Judiciary Act of 1801. However he was admonished by Chief Justice John Marshall in the infamous case Marbury vs. Madison for withholding the authority of the judges...

APA Referencing †Citing a Newspaper Article

APA Referencing – Citing a Newspaper Article APA Referencing – Citing a Newspaper Article If you’ve been at college for a while, you might already be pretty good when it comes to citing sources. Maybe you know all about referencing books and academic journals. But have you given much thought to newspaper articles? OK, you’re not likely to cite a National Enquirer article called â€Å"BILL CLINTON CONFESSION: I HUNTED ALIENS† in a serious paper about astrobiology. Seems completely legit to us. But discussing politics, culture or social trends can require referring to current events, which usually means citing a newspaper. In today’s blog post, we explain exactly how to do this using APA referencing. In-Text Citations APA conventions for citing a newspaper article are similar to those used for other sources, with the author’s name and year of publication given in parentheses. If directly quoting an article from a print edition of a newspaper (they’re still a thing, you know), you should give page numbers, too: The Guardian reported the plan to secede â€Å"with or without the approval of Madrid† (Jones, 2016, p. 12). If the author is named in the text, simply give the year of publication immediately afterwards and any relevant page numbers after the quoted text: According to Sam Jones (2016), Catalonia is â€Å"is preparing to defy Spain’s constitutional court† (p. 11). If no author is named for an article, APA suggests including a shortened version of the article title in citations instead: Anne Bancroft was reported to sometimes burp in public (â€Å"I’m A Slob,† 1964). Yes, that last one was a genuine story. Although only insofar as anything in the National Enquirer can ever really be called â€Å"a genuine story.† It seems more plausible than the alien thing, at least. Reference List: Print Articles When an article is cited from a print edition of a newspaper the information to include in your reference list is: Author name and initial(s). (Year, month and day published). Article title. Newspaper, page numbers. For the Guardian article cited above, this would appear as follows: Jones, S. (2016, July 27). Catalonia tells Spain it will push for secession with or without assent. The Guardian, pp. 11-13. If no author is named, the full title of the article is used in its place: I’m a slob: I burp and slurp in public. (1964, December 20). National Enquirer, pp. 1-3. We promise that’s the last time we’ll mention the National Enquirer. Reference List: Online Articles The only difference when referencing the online version of a newspaper article is that you need to give the URL rather than page numbers: Author name(s) and initial(s). (Year, month and day published). Article title. Newspaper. Retrieved from URL The online version of the Guardian article above would therefore appear as: Jones, S. (2016, July 27). Catalonia tells Spain it will push for secession with or without assent. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/27/catalonia-independence-spain-democratic-mandate

Intellectual property (Trade Marks Act 2005, Designs Act 2003, Patents Essay

Intellectual property (Trade Marks Act 2005, Designs Act 2003, Patents Act 1990) - Essay Example It is a business for them. But to actually think there are professionals out there who paid their way through university is a worry†¦. To be honest I do feel a bit guilty using samedayessay.com. I had no idea that such a company existed until about 2 months ago when I was in over my head, totally desperate for some type of help and stumbled across this site via a Google search! I was shocked, a bit skeptical, but relived at the same time. I haven’t studied since 2004. I work full time + overtime and I stupidly enrolled myself into 2 online subjects, thinking it would be a breeze†¦. Well boy was I wrong. It has been so much work, doing all the readings, all the activities, online participation, not having any face to face lessons. Six weeks into the course felt I was drowning. So stressed, so busy! That is when I decided to get a few of my assignment done via the company. I am glad I got the help, but in a way I feel I cheated, I cheated myself, that is why I am readi ng and trying to learn and understand. Next year I will only be enrolling into 1 subject, that way I can focus 100% on it and not feel as stressed, and hopefully not need an essay writing company. But in saying that, in case I ever do need help, I would like to keep in touch. Not sure how long you plan to stay with samedayessay.com, and I am not sure if you are allowed to pass on your details to clients, but I will give you my details: (face book – katerina cvetkovski katerinacvet@hotmail.com) other email kcvetkovski@optusnet.com.au. The paper sounds very good. Thank you so much. Please read my comments/ questions Question 1 Issue The main point of contention is whether Fred's registration of the trademark GOOD FRIENDS FENCE is potentially an infringement of the Trade Marks Act 1995 with regards to the claims being made by GOOD NEIGHBOURS FENCE which is asserting that they have the rights to the trade mark. In other words, is it likely that Fred has committed a breach under t he Trade Mark's Act (1995) or not. Rules The Trade Marks Act 1995 states that a trade mark needs to be distinctive and reflect the trade commercial or trade origins of a person (EJ Gallo V Lion Nathan, 2010). In Section 20, it is noted that the owner of a trademark has the right to use the trademark, authorise the use of the trademark and obtain relief when the trademark is infringed. A trademark is infringed if a person uses a sign that is identical with or is deceptively similar with the the trademark (Section 120 (1)). However, for action on trademark infringement to be taken, the trademark must be used as a trademark [Konininkliike Philips V Remington (2000)]. Section 120(2) of the Act states that a trademark is infringed if the goods or service for which the trademark is used are similar or closely related. An action on infringement can also be taken if the trademark is known is Australia and unregistered (Van Caenegem 2010 p139: Davison et al, 2008 p133). Also infringement occ urs when the trademark is substantially identical or deceptively similar to goods or services that are unidentical. Section 120 also states that action can be taken on infringement when there is a realization that the owner's interest could be adversely affected. In the case of Belei Hestia V Bali Inc (1973), it was established that

Photographing and photographs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Photographing and photographs - Essay Example For instance, the pictured house from the Bozar Centre for Fine Arts gives an image of either how a certain community used to build its houses or how it builds them in the current time. The viewer is able to tell that the time of the day that is either early morning or late in the evening as depicted by dull and bright colors, which he or she has integrated.   A photograph can carry different kind of message, for instance, conceptual photography that entails capturing a meaning as well as essence of that particular moment. For the photographer to take such ideas to the extreme, he or she has to use various techniques such as light, poses, elements, atmosphere and props among others to create or bring out the mood or deliver his or her feelings to the watcher. Most conceptual photographs contain varied messages or else a series of emotions besides it is only a few of them that contain a single message (Dettling 84). By observing the above Bozar image, one finds it very attractive to the eyes because the artist employed different techniques intelligently to bring out the aesthetic value of the picture. The photographer took the image from the front elevation and having similar height to cover much of its parts such as the roof, window and the door.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Use of cameras in taking photographs and videos is now replacing the ancient methods of putting down images such as drawing or painting that were quite challenging to coming up with the exact image as the pictured object (Dettling 22).

Effects of missing an appointment Essay Example for Free

Effects of missing an appointment Essay There are a wide range of effects for a person missing an appointment. Missing an appointment effect the individual who missed the appointment, least of all. Regardless of reason, not showing up for a scheduled time is a great disrespect to all the people that might have benefited from the scheduled time. Missing an appointment punishes others that may have gained from that time slot. There are many solutions to not missing an appointment, and by following the steps to prevent from missing an appointment gives a common courtesy to others. People’s time is extremely valuable and by missing an appointment it shows an extreme amount of disrespect. The main people being affected by my inconsiderate decision were the physical therapists, the patients, and least of all I. The people who work for you are being thrown under the bus when an appointment is missed. In my case, the people at the physical therapy clinic who work tirelessly to provide care for others that are injured, to get them back in fighting shape. By missing the allotted time all of the preparation and care to make me better was essentially thrown down the drain. A substantial amount of time was wasted that could have been used to benefit me or another soldier. I cannot reiterate enough, the selfishness of missing an appointment. All that was needed was a simple call, a common courtesy, for the situation to be resolved. By missing my appointment I basically told the physical therapy clinic that my time is more valuable than yours, which is very disrespectful. The others that were affected by my decision to miss the appointment were all of the other patients seeking care. Being a soldier requires many physical demands which often incur injuries. It is extremely important for any soldier seeking care to be able to receive the proper treatment. By me missing my appointment it took time away from another soldier that could have received treatment. By calling ahead it could have potentially given someone else who needed that time with the physical therapy clinic, a chance to get seen and treated. I inadvertently placed myself before others by not calling ahead and cancelling, or rescheduling my allotted time with the physical therapy clinic. I briefly put aside some of my basic values of being a soldier when I missed the appointment. There are many solutions that could have been done to avoid the missed appointment, and will be done in the future. Something as easy as putting an alarm in my phone, could have helped me to not miss my appointment. I also could have been more proactive with my leadership and let my chain of command know when and what time my appointment was. Certain safeguards in the future will be put in place to prevent this lack of respect for others, to not happen again. The more people I let know of my appointments will prevent me from missing any future appointments. I feel I can improve as a soldier from this incident and by me missing this appointment it will make me become more considerate for others and give me a better awareness of when and where my appointments are. On Friday I missed my physical therapy appointment and while I feel this was an outlier of events, I cannot and will not let this happen again. The only reason I can provide as to why my appointment was missed is that I work sick call at the Aid Station, and it ran later than normal that morning. As a medic I know first-hand the importance of holding true to a scheduled appointment. I know what it feels like being on the other end of the spectrum. When I screen patients and a patient misses an appointment it feels like someone has wasted my time. In other words it feels like a slap in the face, which makes me missing my appointment that much more inexcusable. Others that feel the effects of missing an appointment are the direct chain of command. The lack of respect by one person can reflect negatively on a whole organization. By missing an appointment others wonder if the unit as a whole treats appointments and others with that same lack of respect. In my case I have great NCO’s and a great support system that has done nothing but help me in my career and teach me the in’s and out’s of how to be a good soldier and an even better person. However, with my lapse in judgment my decision reflected very poorly on my leadership. That in itself is enough for me to understand the negative outcomes by missing my appointment. Overall the effects of one individual’s mistake can be felt by a plethora of different individuals and groups. From the Physical therapy clinic whose time could have been better spent helping other patients to me as an individual. I think something good that has come out of my mistake is that I now have a much better perspective of all the different people that my decision affected. Appointments are very easy to cancel ahead of time to give another person a chance to seek treatment. For so many people and organizations effected a simple phone call or preventative measure would have resolved the situations.

Japan: Social Customs :: essays research papers

The information provided, talks about family traditions, marriage customs, and education in Japan. I think the way marriages are setup in Japan are much different than thus of the United States. Family roles are also very different. In Japan, it is common for newly wed couples to live by themselves until their parents get old. Many couples intend to live with their parents only after spending years all by themselves. However, if the husband is not in a position to support his parents, which means most of the time that he is not the first child of the parents, they don't plan to live with them. With this tendency, the housing industry is prosperous. Increase of the nuclear family is generating a fashion in housing, that is Nisetai-jutaku. The word literally means a "house for two generations". An example of this is: a two-storied house first-floor for older people, second-floor for younger people, one kitchen, one toilet, and sometimes one bathroom. Japanese people love to have a party in Western style, and a Wedding party is of no exception. Almost all wedding halls have a miniature of a Japanese shrine inside, to have a new couple vow their marriage to the Japanese God, as well as many rooms to celebrate their wedding in Western style after the vow. A bride wears a pure-white Japanese Kimono (Shiro-muku) in front of the God at first. Then she changes it to a colorful Kimono at the beginning of the wedding party, then again to a beautiful Western-style in the middle of the party and finally to a pure-white wedding dress (Western-style). Changing clothes in the middle of the party is called oiro-naoshi.However, recently some people prefer the tendency of simplification, so they choose the way in simple styles, sometimes without oiro-naoshi or even without the party itself. Of course, there also exist people who love to have their wedding party even in a bigger way.Japan's school-age children attend school regularly. Attendance is required through the lower level of secondary school. Children begin nursery school when they are about three. At six, they begin elementary school at twelve, middle school. Any student who has completed middle school may enroll in high school, which offers either a technical or a college preparatory course of instruction.

Religious beliefs Essay

Humans have been, for ages, found themselves being challenged to do what is just and right. However, this idealism is often created out of confirming with one’s society. Each society has its own culture, principles, traditions, politics and religious beliefs. One’s act of good deed may be considered the opposite in the eyes of a person foreign to his culture. Confirming with the society’s norm had been considered a conflict to a person’s decision-making. One person may want to speak out his mind on such controversial issue but kept mum to avoid being antagonized by his peers. The public media and press became the gladiator’s arena between freedom of expression versus tact according to society. Raising one’s voice that opposed the society’s mentality is often discouraged due to gaining nothing but people’s ire. But not saying anything at all is also considered as moral cowardice- it produced same negative results as those of irresponsible communication. This essay would like to persuade its readers or listeners that voicing unpopular ideas can make a difference in the world. To quote as famous statement from the past, ‘The right way is not always the popular and easy way. Standing for right when is unpopular is a true test of moral character’’( One historical example of positive results from expressing one’s voice is found in Japan. Japanese politics had been exclusive only to men for centuries until around 1920’s. The 1920’s had been the era of revolutionary reforms that greatly overshadowed the older conservative laws under the Japanese government. With reforms being entertained to be made on the Japanese constitution, two of the most highlighted changes are the women’s suffrage and political inclusion. One notable woman who campaigned for the women’s rights is Kato Shidzue. She is the first woman to be elected in the Diet and famously assisted Margaret Sanger, a fellow feminist, in promoting birth control to Japan. It was a period where in a transition is still undergoing, from conservative upbringing to a much more liberal lifestyle. Being a feminist brought Shidzue anger from most men specifically the Japanese military. This resulted of her being arrested on 1937 for opposing to the ruling of producing as many children as possible. Yet, her perseverance of expressing her principles and fighting for equality served as one of the founding blocks of just treatment of both genders (Hopper, 2004). Another example would be Martin Luther King Jr. , the famous civil rights activist who campaign to end the racial segregation and discrimination. Despite the strong dominance of the white supremacists around that time, King took action through organized and peaceful means. He was a firm believer that violence was not the answer to the problem and knew that with this tactic it would garner the public’s attention more compared to the former. On that fateful day on the year 1963, his speech entitled I Have a Dream was the most pivotal moment during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. With genius use of rhetoric along with fiery passion, King called for his country to acknowledge racial equality and to end discrimination of color. His life was threatened several times due to his message of bringing equality for the ‘black people’. To this day, no single American had forgotten the I Have A Dream speech of this brave believer of what is right and just for all people (Kirk et al, 2007). History repeats itself as someone quoted from the past. To this day, this saying still rings true. Moral cowardice does have repercussions if people remain passive in a long period of time. It takes a lot of courage to stand up for one’s belief so it is reasonable if not all would be eager to clash with society’s norms. The consequences of this inaction would usually end up regrettable and horrifying. The Holocaust is one fine example. At first, the Jews were ridiculed and discriminated in Germany. No one tried to question this action for fear of receiving the Germans’ wrath. The Aryan race factor also fueled the fire which led to antagonism to both races. It was already too late as the war finally occurred; Nazis ordered a systematic genocide of all European Jews that now famously called the Holocaust. Over 17 million casualties resulted from the state-ordered annihilation (Niewyk; Nicosia, 2000). Another example would be the Martial Law in the Philippines during the 1970’s. President Ferdinand Marcos held the presidential seat for almost twenty years, ruling the country with an iron fist. For several years, only few dared to stand up against the Marcos’ regime and question their intentions on proclaiming Martial Law. The Filipinos suffered the continuous wreckage of its economy and the severe corruption of the said government. If it wasn’t for Benigno Aquino Sr. ’s assassination, the people would never be motivated to fight for their rights and wish for a democratic government (Ackerman; Duvall, 2001). A pen is mightier than a sword is not message to be taken lightly. Speaking out one’s mind has the power to motivate people to either take action or change their opinions. No matter how unpopular an idea is to the society, what mattered is the courage to stand up for one’s principles. Martin Luther King Jr. and Kato Shidzue proved that even with several obstacles barricaded in front of anyone, one should always defend what is just. As long as someone listened, there will always be people who will be supporting the idea. Moral cowardice maybe a norm for the most people around, but historical events such as the Holocaust and the Philippines’ Martial Law proved that staying tight-lipped would not guarantee’s a person’s safety. References: Helen M. Hopper, Kato Shidzue : a Japanese feminist (New York: Pearson Longman, 2004). Kirk, John A. , ed. Martin Luther King Jr. and the Civil Rights Movement: Controversies and Debates (2007). 224 pp. Niewyk, Donald L. and Nicosia, Francis R. The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust, Columbia University Press, 2000, pp. 45-52. Peter Ackerman; Jack DuVall (2001), A force more powerful: a century of nonviolent conflict, Macmillan, p. 384

Juvenile Justice Subsystems Essay

The role of the police is to enforce the law and maintain order in the community. In 2000, there were approximately 18,000 police agencies employing more than one million full-time sworn and non-sworn personnel. They are intimately involved in juvenile justice issues, they mostly operate locally, and are thus in close proximity to towns and neighborhoods. For juvenile offenders and victims, local police are often their first contact with juvenile justice authorities. The reason for this is simply stated: Juvenile offenders who break the law are frequently taken to the police as a first option, or the police may apprehend them while observing them committing an offense. Youths who have been victimized or whose welfare is at risk are likewise referred to police custody—for their own protection. The Judicial Subsystem The judicial component of the juvenile justice system is composed of many of the same personnel as found in the adult system. These include judges, administrators, prosecutors, and defense counsel. It is a civil (rather than criminal) system, so there is also a significant amount of participation by social workers, probation officers, case managers, and other professionals whose primary duty is to inform and advise the court on the status of each juvenile. The Corrections Subsystem Juvenile correctional institutions are regulated under state law and must comply with state and federal mandates for the humane treatment of youths who have been consigned to locked or other residential facilities. The underlying mission of juvenile corrections is to treat and rehabilitate youths. Although many facilities are highly restrictive, and confinement conditions can approximate those found in some adult facilities, it is the duty of this subsystem to â€Å"correct† the behavior of offenders.

Censorship No More essays

Censorship No More essays Music censorship has brought fourth lots of controversy in America in the last few decades. There have been many out of hand debates on the subject, but the question is still; should music be censored or not. Music has always been an easy target for censorship because it is very easy to condemn that which we dont understand. Generation after generation, the controversy surrounding popular music continues. Its an age-old tradition of music finding its home in the anger and rebellion of young people. There is also nothing new with older people expressing their fears about the music. (Music for Teens) Many people and organizations such as the P.M.R.C, Parental Music Resource Center, are outraged by the lyrics of artists today, but on the other hand, music and lyrics are ways in which artists express themselves; many believe censoring music is a violation of Constitutional and Human Rights. A musicians lyrics should also, not be deemed responsible for the actions of unstable individuals. Tipper Gore founded the Parental Music Resource Center. The P.M.R.C is a group dedicated to clean up the sexually explicit lyrics and suggestive album covers in he music industry. The P.M.R.C has brought fourth many actions on labeling musicians albums. The music industry acknowledged that not all music is untended for young audiences. In 1985, the Recording Industry Association of America reached an agreement with the Parental Music Resource Center.(Music for Teens) The Parental Advisory labels found on tapes and compact discs were put there by the P.M.R.C to warn parents of the language and content on the album. It was a fair compromise, respecting the freedom of expression our recording artists deserve and the First Amendment. It also respected the needs of parents and guardians for a cautionary notice about explicit content. (Music for Teens) There are many people that won&apo...

Execute and Run Applications and Files From Delphi Code

Execute and Run Applications and Files From Delphi Code The Delphi programming language provides a quick way to write, compile, package, and deploy applications cross-platform. Although Delphi creates a graphical user interface, there are bound to be times you want to execute a program from your Delphi code. Lets say you have a database application that uses an external backup utility. The backup utility takes parameters from the  application and archives the data, while your program waits until the backup finishes. Maybe you want to open documents presented in a file list box  just by double-clicking on them  without opening the associated program first. Imagine a link label in your program that takes the user to your home page. What do you say about sending an email directly from your Delphi application through the default Windows email client program? ShellExecute To launch an application or execute a file in a Win32 environment, use the ShellExecute Windows API function. Check out the help on ShellExecute for a  full description of parameters and error codes returned. You can open any document without knowing which program is associated with it- the link is defined in the Windows Registry. Here are some shell examples.   Run Notepad uses ShellApi;...ShellExecute(Handle, open,c:\Windows\notepad.exe, nil, nil, SW_SHOWNORMAL) ; Open SomeText.txt With Notepad ShellExecute(Handle,open,c:\windows\notepad.exe,c:\SomeText.txt, nil, SW_SHOWNORMAL) ; Display the Contents of the "DelphiDownload" Folder ShellExecute(Handle,open, c:\DelphiDownload, nil, nil, SW_SHOWNORMAL) ; Execute a File According to Its Extension ShellExecute(Handle, open, c:\MyDocuments\Letter.doc,nil,nil,SW_SHOWNORMAL) ; Heres how to find an application associated with an extension. Open a Website or a *.htm File With the Default Web Explorer ShellExecute(Handle, open,http://delphi.about.com,nil,nil, SW_SHOWNORMAL) ; Send an Email With the Subject and the Message Body var em_subject, em_body, em_mail : string;begin em_subject : This is the subject line; em_body : Message body text goes here; em_mail : mailto:delphiaboutguide.com?subject em_subject body em_body ; ShellExecute(Handle,open, PChar(em_mail), nil, nil, SW_SHOWNORMAL) ;end; Heres how to send an email with the attachment. Execute a Program and Wait Until It Finishes The following example uses the ShellExecuteEx API function. // Execute the Windows Calculator and pop up// a message when the Calc is terminated.uses ShellApi;...var SEInfo: TShellExecuteInfo; ExitCode: DWORD; ExecuteFile, ParamString, StartInString: string;begin ExecuteFile:c:\Windows\Calc.exe; FillChar(SEInfo, SizeOf(SEInfo), 0) ; SEInfo.cbSize : SizeOf(TShellExecuteInfo) ; with SEInfo do begin fMask : SEE_MASK_NOCLOSEPROCESS; Wnd : Application.Handle; lpFile : PChar(ExecuteFile) ;{ParamString can contain theapplication parameters.}// lpParameters : PChar(ParamString) ;{StartInString specifies thename of the working directory.If ommited, the current directory is used.}// lpDirectory : PChar(StartInString) ; nShow : SW_SHOWNORMAL; end; if ShellExecuteEx(SEInfo) then begin repeat Application.ProcessMessages; GetExitCodeProcess(SEInfo.hProcess, ExitCode) ; until (ExitCode STILL_ACTIVE) or Application.Terminated; ShowMessage(Calculator terminated) ; end else ShowMessage(Error starting Calc!) ;end;

Topic below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Topic below - Essay Example In the words of Joyce Carol Oates as quoted by Ronald Sharp:† Everyone knows about love. Romantic love, married love, adulterous love: happy love affairs, unhappy ones. Everyone knows about love, no one knows about friendship†. (1) It is interesting to note that loneliness being one of the hallmarks of modern living, many modern great writers and photospheres have not given serious thought to friendship in their writings. Why is friendship such unimportant subject in modern fiction, poetry and essay? Recent writing has largely ignored friendship. In contrast classical writers engaged in open discussion on the subject of friendship and made subtle distinctions on the varieties available and treated also the opposite of friendship, namely enmity, in their writings. Montaigne makes a clear distinction between friendships. In his thinking there are levels of friendships. He uses the technique of contrast to present sharply his idea of true friendship. There are imperfect friendships, which he calls â€Å"fellowships†. Borrowing an image from painting Montaigne labors at length to project the true beauty of friendship, which stands clearly demarked among images of the â€Å"grotesque†. Montaignes famous essay "On Friendship" (1580) is a true source book on the idea of friendship. The essay cites Aristotle, Cicero, Horace, Catullus, and Plutarch. Though the essay concerns about his friendship with a young Huguenot, Estienne de la Boetie, the essay is surprising in its modernity, especially its relevance to contemporary moral issues. Is the argument of Montaigne on friendship in essential accord with Aristotle, or is there something new? According to Aristotle the highest act of friendship is not just the friends themselves, but in their direct relation to truth. We are quick to notice the similarity between the thinking of Aristotle and that of Montaigne.But this similarity we feel is somewhat deceptive. While Montaigne gives the name of

Individual Privacy vs. National Security Research Paper

Individual Privacy vs. National Security - Research Paper Example The importance of individual privacy vs. national security has attracted the interest of researchers from various academic fields. This is a broad research topic that requires to be narrowed down for it to become a manageable research topic (Sole, 2010). Narrowing down the topic to a manageable level was carried out in the first phase of the project. The second phase of the research involved discovering or finding relevant sources of information for the research topic. By an analysis of the research problem, the scope of the research project was established. The analysis of the problem established that the recent terrorist threats have contributed to the debate of personal privacy vs. national security. These findings led to the claim that national security could only be realized with limited flow of information. The research project aimed at establishing whether the proposed antiterrorism measures will compromise individual privacy. This paper therefore, analyzes how enhancing natio nal security has compromised individual privacy. The paper follows directly from the previous work on individual privacy vs. national security. Fighting terrorists are the responsibility of the federal government; however, the government has responsibilities towards its people. For the government to achieve an appropriate balance between the two responsibilities, it needs to consider their long-term implications. The federal government also needs to establish which issue is of considerable importance to the country. The assessment phase of the project proved that invasion of people’s privacy concerned the people more than issue of national security. This did not imply that people were ignorant on the security concerns in the country and about the recent terrorist threats. People have direct interests in individual privacy as compared to their interest on matters of national security. Unlike matters of national security, invasion of personal privacy has direct impacts on the p eople. During the assessment phase of the research project, it was established that the federal government considered national security more valuable than people’s privacy. This implies that the government lacked concerns over long-term implication of invading personal privacy in expense of fighting terrorism. According to the openness, privacy, and national security debate bulletin, the government needs to reconsider its actions (Hardin, 2003). It was established that the government took extreme measures to fight terrorism after the September 11, 2001 attacks. The government, therefore, needed to reconsider its actions by enhancing people’s privacy despite the immediate needs to fight terrorism. This is because the measures taken by the government to fights terrorism had more negativity and less positive impacts. The measure taken by the government was also unrealistic since terrorism cannot be eliminated overnight. The people are more beneficial to the country than n ational security. This is because national security is meant to improve people’s livelihood and, therefore the government should enhance national security according to the interests of the people. Personal privacy is of interest to the people and, therefore invasion of personal privacy should be of interest to the federal government. The American government has a duty to the people as well as the country. The government also has international objectives that the country must achieve. The position

IT Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

IT - Research Paper Example However, every system has its own advantages and disadvantages. Certain components easily get corrupted due to many reasons like improper handling and heat. Therefore, the factors causing damage must be carefully analyzed and techniques to reduce and to protect the data must be adopted. Role of Information Technology Information Technology plays a key role globally. It deals with computing technology, such as the internet, software, hardware or networking system. In other words, it is the tool of managing information using different software and hardware devices (Agarwal & Prasad, 2012). At present, information technology is used in varied sectors like medical and health, education and widely in corporate sectors. Information technology has become an inseparable part of private as well as public sector institutions. Consequently, the risk of media failure and data losses has been a serious matter of concern. Thus, creating the needs for reliable backup media to avoid data losses is q uite imperative (Chau & Hu, 2001). Backup Media Backup is usually an activity of copying databases in order to preserve that database in case a system failure takes place. Backup is a routine operation for the IT users. Backup prevents the users when catastrophe occurs in the system. The file when retrieved back to the system, it is called restoring. Various types of physical backup media are used to backup files, such as Optical DVD media, Internal Hard Disk, External Hard Disk and Flash memory (Hagen & Bieringer, 2001). Optical DVD Media Optical media comprises recordable/rewritable as well as dual layer formats DVD and CD disks. Optical Disc Drives use electromagnetic or laser light waves for reading and writing data. These devices are reasonably cost effective media to store small amount of data. In present times, nearly each and every personal computer comes with DVD or CD burners or writers. Data can be written and stored easily in a few minutes. Data can be stored in the form of documents, audio, video or in digital form. DVD rewritable permits the user to write discs and then erase and rewrite. DVD recordable provides permanent record for the data copied. Optical discs do not provide enough data storage space when compared to other media storages. Optical disks are not suitable for full system backup as it does not have sufficient capacity to store data .It needs certain special drives to write or read. Data stored in optical media gets destroyed, if it is scratched or exposed to heat. Thus, long-term reliability of optical DVD media cannot be assured (Hagen & Bieringer, 2001). Internal Hard Disk or A Second Hard Disk, Mounted Internally Internal Hard Disk is used for storing and retrieving digital information in the computer system. The hard disk may result in failure in many ways and cause loss of data either partly or totally. Internal hard disks are within the computer system and are easily available. Moving of files in case of internal hard disk i s easy and fast. The benefit of using internal hard disk is that its cost is low and the data transfer is easy. Data can be kept stored in the internal hard disk for considerable amount of time in various types of data format. It is highly vulnerable to virus attacks and malware. Trojans and power loss can cause data corruption and in such circumstances it

The Current Scenario And Its Causes Economics Essay

The Current Scenario And Its Causes Economics Essay INTRODUCTION: The current picture of the economic and financial state has caused a huge literature study evaluating its origin and how to respond with the pertinent strategy. Before going in depth let us discuss about general financial crisis [1] ( Charles,P et al 2005) . The situation can be termed as an economic crisis when a financial institution or an asset lose a large part of its value. It takes many factors into account when defining a global recession, but the International Monetary Fund  (IMF) states that general recession can be declared when the worldwide economic growth is 3 percent or less than that [12] (Rogoff,K.2002). FINANCIAL CRISIS- AN OVERVIEW: Financial crisis occurs when there is a sudden drop in market after a steady growth. It can be said that, it is the harbinger for the decline of market. Due to the volatility of the market and economic growth, this becomes the crux of the financial crisis. Stocks and real estate properties will reach the rock bottom after a period of growth. When the investors predict the market and invests in any sector, due to the market instability, the demand of that investment may decrease and their value of the estimation substantially diminishes. This trend follows a period and significantly investors huge investment does not return the expected revenue and this in turn affects their loan payment. They abruptly stop further investments and they begin to sell assets. [2] ( Aiginger,K. 2009) This trend persists in individuals private income too, they also follow the same practice by selling their assets and luxury objects. Over-optimistic companies and such individuals are the main cause for the crisis during the preceding economic growth epoch. They lean to believe that the general market growth will persists forever without any suspension. This optimism makes everyone to borrow colossal quantity of principal and invest them in homes, luxury objects and expansion of their business. Another cause are executives in banking companies tempted to lend out as much money as possible to the borrowers, regardless of the consequences for the bank and the borrowers, because this behavior gives the executives an enormous short term personal gain. When the supply decreased, the demand too got reduced. Hinder all the financial institution which lends out more money to the borrowers who pays back when they are comfortable [7]( carmassi et al, 2009). The government should interfere and has to lay proper regulations to set clear criteria that must be satisfied when the money lending process is done. Employment contrac ts for the bank executives should be forbidden by the bank which rewards them directly for the amount of mortgages they establish. When did it happen? The global financial crisis hit when there is a blooming economic trend persists. It happened in number of occasions, but the Great depression (1930) and the current financial crisis (2007-2010) are the core calamities which collapsed the global economy. [1] ( Charles,P et al 2005) THE CURRENT SCENARIO AND ITS CAUSES: The current financial crisis period started during 2007. It is the worst economic meltdown since the Great depression. The collapse of the US sub-prime mortgage market and the housing boom turnaround had a ripple effect around the world. Some financial goods and tools have become so difficult and abnormal, and things start to disentangle. The trust in the whole system started to fail. The origin of this present state is due to the extravagant lending of money by banks which permitted various groups to buy expensive assets that they could not afford. This was welcomed and encouraged by the politicians and was cleverly sold by the middle men. This created the trigger for the current scenario [9] ( Cooper,G. 2008) .The survival of excessive land use regulation which helped to drive up the prices. Innovations and internationalization are also cause for the regulation failure. Oligopoly structures in the agencies, insufficient regulation followed in the market, neglected cumulative system ic risks are the additional grounds involved in this trigger. Heterogeneity of profits across businesses, novel forms of equity standards, leveraging of banks, the firms and consumers are the factors which caused misinterpretation that the expected returns will be high. Bubbles in currency, oil and food shortages, short-term view on profits, inappropriate accounting rules and analysts reports, shortages of raw materials, energy deficit and unequal income and wealth distribution are the other aggravating factors which influenced the crisis [7]( carmassi et al, 2009). Consequently the demand decreased as the supply increased. This forms the nucleus of the present crisis. EFFECTS: As a result of this, unemployment increases and companies lay-off the employers in order to muddle through this recession, many banks filed bankruptcy and shortage of food supply too had its effects. The Gross domestic product (GDP) of the world declined for the first time since the Great depression of 1930. World economy growth dropped from 5% in 2007 to 3 % in 2008. USA and Europe economies already shrank during 2008 last quarter and those GDP from 2% to 4% [2] ( Aiginger,K. 2009). During the first quarter of 2009 production and orders declined when compared to the previous years. In order to compensate the cutback in the stipulated private sector caused by the crisis, the government passed large fiscal stimulus. During 2008-2009 alone US implemented two stimulus packages, totaling nearly $1 trillion [3] [2] ( Aiginger,K. 2009). The government has also bailed out many organizations due to large financial obligations. About 70% of GDP growth attained in the euro area and 40% of the same in the US due to the financial sector leverage [7]( carmassi et al, 2009). This is the key issues for the prevalent pressure in the European banking system. United States may be precursor of this current scenario, but the fragility persists in the European financial sector caused them badly and exposed to losses from US assets. An additional feature that made Europe more exposed to the crisis situation like the US is asset price bubble [7]( carmassi et al, 2009). Europe experienced the same real estate price bubble. During 2006-2007 house prices are less in US when compared to Europe, this is the key distinction involving the United States and the Europe [7]( carmassi et al, 2009). The banks in United States and Europe had excessive leverage and also the renovated maturity which are mistakenly manipulated by the regulatory system and allowed by the monetary policy. AGE WAVE THEORY: The additional cause for this economic slowdown was given by Ken Dychtwald, Ph.D in his Age wave theory [4] (Dychtwald, Ken, 1989). According to him, the persons who were born during 1947 to 1966 are called as baby boomers. According to the statistics the economic trend suitably followed as the baby boomers grow. Baby care books sales recorded a high during those initial years. Baby foods were consumed more during 1950s. The toy industry sales also reached record growth as the children grows. When they reached the teenage soft drinks sales and movie tickets sales reached the maximum. When the boomers enter the workforce during 1970s there was a record growth of 29%. Mini vans and SUVs dominated the automobile industry during 1980s and 1990s as the baby boomers started to raise their families. During 2007-2009 the workforce growth is just 12% due to the retirement of the baby boomers , and this may also be one of the reasons which kindled the crisis [5] (Dychtwald, Ken et al 2006). FUTURE REMEDIES: In order to tackle future recession, the UK government needs to follow some regulations. The economic policy should support the total demand by increasing the public demand or by providing inducements to encourage private expenditure [2] ( Aiginger,K. 2009). Monetary policy should be reintroduced to increase the money supply which has reduced interest rates. To improve the structure of taxation, fiscal policy is to be followed. It includes national and international stimulus packages. The European model to be followed [2] ( Aiginger,K. 2009), it includes strategic spending i.e., to invest in future technologies, education, research and development and green technology. Government and financiers should try to compress the scam and increase the capital requirements for banks .They also should follow the regulations and it would be compelled to hold sufficient funds to cover their normal operations. In order to reduce the jeopardy, the bank should bear all the risks and also increase their transparency, their accounting ethics are to be modified accordingly and also to be included in the asset definition. It is crucial that the current land rationing policies should wither as soon as possible. Capital requirements are to be set adequately so that it cannot be evaded by the mediators to raise liquidity [8] (Minsky, H. (2008) .The simple way of doing it is to set capital requirements with reference to total assets and no gimmicks allowed. The main cause for the delude information for investors and obstinate incentives are the assets with maximum risk. [6] (Gros, D. (2009). These assets should be scrapped to maintain the economy. The government should provide guarantees by affording small pensions and loans and also it should fight poverty by employment. The youth unemployment problem can be tackled by training and also making informal jobs more professional. By increasing the choices the supply and demand stability can be maintained. These aforementioned strategies are to be followed by the UK government in order to maintain the stability and also to prevent the arrival of the current scenario [10] (Greenspan ,A. 2009). CONCLUSION: Brian Cowen, the former finance minister says that, If I am right, the next financial crisis, when it comes, stands to make the last two years look like a warm up [11]. So the optimism and complacency natures should be discarded and follow the policies and also the remedies as mentioned above to restore the trust and balance in the system.

The History of Computers :: Computers Technology Essays

The History of Computers Thousands of years ago calculations were done using people’s fingers and pebbles that were found just lying around. Technology has transformed so much that today the most complicated computations are done within seconds. Human dependency on computers is increasing everyday. Just think how hard it would be to live a week without a computer. We owe the advancements of computers and other such electronic devices to the intelligence of men of the past. The history of the computer dates back all the way to the prehistoric times. The first step towards the development of the computer, the abacus, was developed in Babylonia in 500 B.C. and functioned as a simple counting tool. It was not until thousands of years later that the first calculator was produced. In 1623, the first mechanical calculator was invented by Wilhelm Schikard, the â€Å"Calculating Clock,† as it was often referred to as, â€Å"performed it’s operations by wheels, which worked similar to a car’s odometer† (Evolution, 1). Still, there had not yet been anything invented that could even be characterized as a computer. Finally, in 1625 the slide rule was created becoming â€Å"the first analog computer of the modern ages† (Evolution, 1). One of the biggest breakthroughs came from by Blaise Pascal in 1642, who invented a mechanical calculator whose main function was adding and subtracting numbers. Years later, Gottfr ied Leibnez improved Pascal’s model by allowing it to also perform such operations as multiplying, dividing, taking the square root. Technology continued to prosper in the computer world into the nineteenth century. A major figure during this time is Charles Babbage, designed the idea of the Difference Engine in the year 1820. It was a calculating machine designed to tabulate the results of mathematical functions (Evans, 38). Babbage, however, never completed this invention because he came up with a newer creation in which he named the Analytical Engine. This computer was expected to solve â€Å"any mathematical problem† (Triumph, 2). It relied on the punch card input. The machine was never actually finished by Babbage, and today Herman Hollerith has been credited with the fabrication of the punch card tabulating machine.

The Effects Of Reciprocal Teaching On English Language Education Essay

This reappraisal of the literature is separated into subdivisions get downing with mutual instruction and the current research. The surveies for mutual instruction are reviewed harmonizing to their research design ( e.g. , meta-analysis, group designs, qualitative designs, and single-subject designs ) . Part of this subdivision includes a reappraisal of the mutual instruction monitoring scheme as it relates to current surveies. Subsequently there is a sum-up of the unwritten linguistic communication development in English Language Learners ( ELLs ) . With a turning figure of immigrants from assorted states, Miami Dade County Public Schools ( M-DCPS ) is a runing pot of ELLs. M-DCPS is besides the second-largest minority public school territory in the state. These pupils are expected to execute at the same degrees as their equals on the Standardized Achievement Test, Tenth Edition ( SAT-10 ) regardless of their appreciation of the English linguistic communication. With the current move into answerability and pupil accomplishment, instructors are obliged to happen schemes to help the ELLs in increasing non merely vocabulary, but besides reading comprehension. ELL pupils need to understand the reading strategies non merely to go through the SAT-10 and progress to the following class degree but besides to construe text in the existent universe. In order for pupils to efficaciously utilize the reading schemes, they must be actively engaged in the activities that are represented to them. The instructor must supply a huge sum of chances across all capable affair and convey in illustration from their day-to-day lives every bit good. If the pupil continues to pull strings the assorted passages/text, so their comprehension accomplishments will increase and in bend will accomplish higher tonss in the SAT-10.Reciprocal TeachingResearch workers in a figure of surveies have systematically found that mutual instruction is an effectual manner to increase pupil comprehension. Relatively small is known about the issues of how multiple schemes can, and should, be combined in comprehension direction ( Brunstein & A ; Kieschke, Sporer 2009 ) . Reciprocal in struction ( RT ) is an instructional process developed by Palincsar and Brown ( 1984 ) to better pupils ‘ text comprehension accomplishments through scaffold direction of four comprehension-fostering and comprehension-monitoring schemes ( Palincsar & A ; Brown, 1984 ; Palincsar, David, & A ; Brown, 1989 ; Rosenshine & A ; Meister, 1994 ) , that is, ( a ) bring forthing one ‘s ain inquiries, ( B ) sum uping parts of the text, ( degree Celsius ) clear uping word significances and confounding text transitions, and ( vitamin D ) foretelling what might come next in the text ( Brunstein & A ; Kieschke, Sporer 2009 ) . The instructor could so supply counsel and feedback at the appropriate degree for each pupil. Theories of comprehension suggests that active acquisition from text must affect a flexible repertory of comprehension-fostering and monitoring activities ( Alfassi, 1998 ) . Explicit direction in comprehension-enhancing activities appears particularly important for the novice reader and the academically delayed pupil ( Alfassi, 1998 ) .Meta-AnalysisIn order to look into the effectivity of mutual learning two meta-analyses have been conducted. Meister and Rosenshine ( 1994 ) provided the first analysis of the survey. After placing 16 published and unpolished surveies related to mutual instruction, they concluded that teacher-made appraisals had a greater consequence on reading comprehension instead than standardised trial. In general, Meister and Rosenshine and ( 1994 ) found that when the four schemes ( i.e. , oppugning, sum uping, clear uping, and foretelling ) were explicitly taught before prosecuting in the mutual instruction processs pupils ‘ comprehension abilities increased more than when the schemes were taught as the mutual instruction intercession was in procedure. In an unpublished thesis by Galloway ( 2003 ) , an extended reappraisal of the current literature on mutual instruction was conducted utilizing traditional meta-analysis. The research worker found moderate consequence sizes for intercessions utilizing mutual instruction. The important differences between teacher-made trials and norm-referenced trials found by Meister and Rosenshine ( 1994 ) were non found by Galloway ( 2003 ) . Galloway concluded there still is a demand to document in the literature the execution of the mutual instruction process. Both of the meta-analytic surveies described provide support for the effectivity of mutual instruction. Sample size and the fidelity to which the mutual instruction intercession was implemented remain a restriction.Group DesignsLysynchuk, Pressly, and Vye ( 1990 ) studied how mutual instruction improves the reading comprehension public presentation of hapless readers. In this survey, 72 four and rate seven pupils in Canada participated in 1 3 Sessionss of mutual learning reading intercession reading direction. Of the 72 pupils, 36 were assigned to the mutual instruction intercession, while the others worked in little groups, with the instructor offering aid if needed in decrypting and transition apprehension. Thirteen Sessionss were administered to both groups, with day-to-day dependent steps being taken ( i.e. , reciting and inquiries ) , every bit good as pre and station standardised reading steps. For both informal and formal appraisals, the reading comprehension of the experimental group of hapless decipherers was higher than the control group of hapless decipherers. No betterments were seen on vocabulary acquisition and care in either group. Klinger and Vaughn ( 1996 ) used mutual instruction as an intercession for hapless decipherers with larning disablements ( LD ) , but who were besides ELL at the in-between school degree. This survey concluded that mutual learning intercession appeared to better the reading comprehension of pupils with LD/ELL and supported mold and societal interaction as agencies to larning as proposed by Vygotsky ( Schunk, 2004 ) .Qualitative DesignsThe usage of qualitative research methods lend themselves good in the probe of jobs where engagement, observation, and enquiry of intending are of involvement ( Shank, 2006 ) . In a survey conducted by Hacker and Tenent ( 2002 ) instructors constructed their cognition of mutual instruction ( based on Hashey & A ; Jimmy conorss, 2003 ) as they implemented the intercession. The survey lasted 3 old ages and 17 instructors from two simple schools were followed. Data was collected based on patterns and alterations of mutual instruction in order for them to d evelop a theory on how to implement the intercession efficaciously in the schoolroom. The three elements of mutual instruction that were examined: scheme usage, profusion of duologue, and scaffold direction. The chief issue the instructors encountered with the pupils was in duologue in which they felt it was superficial and non rich ; this determination was besides supported by Whitehead ‘s ( 2002 ) probe of guided reading intercession. Hashey and Connors ( 2003 ) besides suggest that pupils benefit from mutual learning beginning in the 3rd class because of their experience with decrypting accomplishments.Single-Subject DesignsPalincsar, David, and Brown ( 1989 ) have suggested that mutual instruction may be more good as a little group intercession. In the initial mutual instruction survey, Palincsar and Brown ( 1984 ) employed a individual capable research design to look into the effects of mutual instruction with a little group of pupils. To day of the month several research workers have utilized individual capable designs to mensurate the effects of mutual learning with little groups of pupils in applied scenes.The Reading ProcedureCrowder and Wagner ( 1992 ) suggest reading may be a â€Å" fuzzed construct † ( p. 3 ) to understand ; it is a complex procedure ( Sternberg, 2003 ) , A simpler position of the reading procedure was explained by Hoover and Gough ( 1990 ) . The research workers suggested that the reading procedure consisted of two constituents: decryption and comprehension. To them, decrypting encompasses phonemic consciousness, phonics, and reading eloquence, while comprehension and vocabulary are thought of as one constituent. The simple construct of decrypting and comprehension was elaborated on by LaBerge and Samuels ( 1974 ) . From the position of cognitive psychological science, they proposed a theory of automaticity, which explained decrypting as a combination of reading velocity and truth. This eloquence in decrypting allows for cognitive resources to treat information expeditiously make intending from text ( Hashey & A ; Jimmy conorss, 2003 ) . Therefore, fluid readers have the ability and attending to grok what they read. Conversely, hapless decipherers, who lack eloquence, will utilize their available cognitive resources to decrypt alternatively of utilizing those resources to grok text to the full ( LaBerge & A ; Samuels, 1974 ) ; this deficiency of eloquence outputs superficial comprehension and spreads in apprehension.English Language LearnersThere is limited research conducted on the unwritten linguistic communication development in English Language Learners ( ELLs ) , such as vocabulary, grammatical signifier, and matter-of-fact forms. Therefore, restricting the apprehension of specific facets of ELLs unwritten linguistic communication development and, therefore small empirical footing for be aftering educational intercessions ( Genesse, Lindholm-Leary, Saunders & A ; Christian, 2006 ) . Latino pupils as a whole, including English proficient kids in the 2nd coevals and beyond, score significantly lower in reading than other pupils. However, the chance of geting an unknown word by the way through reading is merely approximately 15 % ( Swanborn & A ; de Glopper, 1999 ) . These pupils frequently exhibit more jobs with reading comprehension than make fluid talkers of English of comparable ability, because of differences in background cognition relevant to what is read in school and limited English linguistic communication proficiency ( Klingner & A ; Vaughn, 1996 ) . There are besides assorted positions on the benefits of mutual instruction. Many surveies suggests that ELLs can profit from mutual instruction because of improve comprehension for pupils who can decrypt but have trouble groking text ( Klingner & A ; Vaughn, 1996 ) and others recommend that vocabulary direction should take topographic point in order to increase pupil comprehension ( Genesse, Lindholm-Leary, Saunders & A ; Christian, 2006 ) . Prior mutual instruction research has examined the effects of teacher-facilitated scheme direction without analyzing how pupils apply schemes when the instructor is non present ( Klingner & A ; Vaughn, 1996 ) . This survey conducted by Klingner and Vaughn ( 1996 ) proved that that initial reading ability and unwritten linguistic communication proficiency seemed related to additions in comprehension, that a greater scope of pupils benefited from scheme direction than would hold been predicted on the footing of old research, and that pupils in both groups continued to demo betterment in comprehension when provided minimum grownup support. For those grounds, it is critical to understand the relationship of mutual instruction among ELLs. This will let instructors to outdo find the most effectual reading scheme to accomplish acquisition additions in reading comprehension. These patterns include expressed direction in nucleus reading competences after control for undertaking trouble through systematic staging, learning pupils separately or in little groups, patterning and learning schemes, learning when and where to use schemes, ongoing and systematic feedback, and ongoing advancement monitoring ( Miester & A ; Rosenshine, 1994 ) .

Speech ananysis

Communications Workshop: Evaluating a Speech Speech Analysis Worksheet Content Purpose: Speaker's background knowledge: the purpose of this speech Is to rally hope for the citizens of Berlin. Influences (traditional, cultural, historical): JEFF is a historical influence. Listener's background knowledge: I do not have much back ground knowledge upon listening to this speech. Delivery: Repeated words: 1. Berlin 2. Let 3. Them 4. Come 5. Beyond Emphasized words/phrases: 1 .There are some who say in Europe and elsewhere we can work with the Communists. Let them come to Berlin 2. â€Å"There are some who say communism is the wave of the future, let them come to Berlin† 3. â€Å"All free men, wherever they may live, are citizens of Berlin, and, therefore, as a free man, I take pride In the words â€Å"ICC bin nine Berliner†. 4. â€Å"ICC bin nine Berliners 5. † Freedom is indivisible, and when one man is enslaved, all are not free† Tone: the tone of this speech is firm well thoughtWord choice (positive or negative language): positive, JEFF wants to give the people hope. Rate of speech (fast, moderate, slow): Moderate, although the rate increases when he is short on breath. Appropriateness for audience, subject, occasion: yes, I believe so because it has no vulgar language and the occasion and topic of this speech is rather inspiring. Eye contact: moderate, looking around a lot. Facial expressions: he looks determined throughout the speech.Gestures: hand gestures Pauses: yes, to make his speech more meaningful and dramatic. Increases or decreases in speaking volume: no not really, it is at the same volume throughout the whole speech. Overall Impression Speaker: I think JEFF was a brilliant speaker. His word choice is incredible. The way he produces this speech is amazing. Speech: I think the speech is understandable and very clear and it inspired many people and gave them hope as it was intended to do.