Frederick Douglass Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Frederick Douglass - Essay Example ille Convention, Frederick Douglas introduced a portion of his complaints against the administration that depended on the political and societal position of dark Americans in the United States. His fundamental protest was that considerably after the abrogation of bondage, the partiality against dark Americans was wild and a standard in American culture. He saw that the equity framework and the pastorate were additionally choosing not to see towards the segregation experienced by dark Americans (Douglass, p. 2). Specifically, he reprimanded the Lynch law which made the dark American people group progressively helpless against despise violations by partial individuals (Douglass, p. 3). Douglas likewise expressed his complaint against the preferences exhibited towards individuals of color in looking for work and equity. Another complaint that he held against the administration was the disappointment of the dark Americans. The common right of political support was not being ensured. He censured that the American government was not guaranteeing reasonable portrayal and that the discretionary procedure was imperfect. By disappointing the dark populace, the legislature was forestalling them to be spoken to as political pioneers in the states where they are in a dominant part (Douglass, p. 5). He contended for a more attractive appointive framework where the dark populace was given an equivalent option to cast a ballot and be chosen. He focused on that it was the duty of the administration to guarantee that the law was applied consistently regardless of the shade of the skin of the residents. Douglas expressed that the legislature was capable to guarantee that the opportunities and social equality allowed in the American Constitution were not denied to any resident. In his battle for racial fairness in the United States, Martin Luther King rehearsed peacefulness. He was an adherent to exchange and arrangement to make common comprehension between the white and dark races with the goal that both could make the most of their social liberties similarly in the public arena (King, p. 3). Composing from prison

Cyclical Unemployment free essay sample

Recognize the kind of joblessness alluded to in the BBC article and blueprint the primary driver of this type of joblessness. (1) Cyclical Unemployment, ment to portray the joblessness related with business cycles occuring in the economy. Patterned joblessness happens during downturns since, when interest for merchandise and ventures in an economy falls, a few organizations react by cutting creation and laying off laborers as opposed to by decreasing wages and costs. 2) Unemployed people can't gain cash to meet monetary commitments. Inability to pay contract installments or to pay lease may prompt vagrancy through abandonment or ousting. An economy with high joblessness isn't utilizing the entirety of the assets, explicitly work, accessible to it. These joblessness benefits incorporate joblessness protection, joblessness pay , government assistance and endowments to help in retraining. Social orders attempt various measures to get whatever number individuals as would be prudent into work, and different social orders have encountered near full work for expanded periods, especially during the Post-World War II monetary extension . We will compose a custom exposition test on Recurrent Unemployment or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page (3) 1991-1993 increment in joblessness since the Great Depression, 1993-2008 monetary steadiness, the joblessness rate is likewise generally stable,2008-2009 and, after a concise break, the UK economy slipped once again into downturn following 1 Fiscal arrangement alludes to the manner by which an administration, ideological group, or other association handles its accounts. To Increase the pace of venture: Fiscal approach focuses on the advancement and speeding up of the pace of interest in the private and open divisions of the economy. (2) Equal Distribution of National salary: Fiscal approach should add to across the country benefits and reallocate it so that the incredible imbalance of benefits and wealth are shortened in the monetary framework. Minimal well off situation in wealth and abuse their benefits on clear utilization and inventories, real land, gold ingots, abroad trade, guess and so on. While on the extra give, the sufficient are wedged underneath the thing of shortage and despondency. These yearn of monetary approach is to remove these imbalances and straight the capital into innovative channels for budgetary development 3 Evaluate the view that the primary goal of UK govt arrangement ought to be to accomplish full business 4 Education and Training. The point is to give the drawn out jobless new aptitudes which empower them to secure positions in creating businesses, e. g. retrain jobless steel laborers to have essential I. T. abilities which causes them look for some kind of employment in administration segment. †However, in spite of giving instruction and preparing plans, the jobless might be not able or reluctant to learn new aptitudes. Best case scenario it will take quite a while to lessen joblessness.

SIPA Student Groups COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

SIPA Student Groups COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Kelly Heindel is a student working in our office this year and I asked her to highlight some of the student driven opportunities at SIPA.   Below is a brief description of some of the formal student groups that have been put together by our students.   To learn more about student life at SIPA, visit the Student Life Web page. An integral part of a SIPA education is participation in student organizations.   Currently, we have over 40 student groups and there is always the opportunity to start your own.     These groups cover a wide range of topics and interests and are an excellent supplement to coursework and internships.   In addition, they provide students with valuable networking opportunities and other career development forums.   Students can join these organizations at anytime throughout the school year; however, elections for leadership positions are typically held in the late fall or early spring semester.   You may contact any of the group representatives for more detailed information. Here is a list of current registered student organizations: * Arab Student Association (ASA) * Asia Pacific Affairs Council (APAC) * Conflict Resolution Working Group (CRWG) * Education and Development Working Group * EMPA Forum * EU/European Student Association (ESA) * Eurasia Initiative * Follies * Gender Policy Working Group * Grassroots Social Policy Network * Greater China Initiative * HRWG Human Rights Working Group * Humanitarian Affairs Working Group * Iranians at SIPA * Korea Focus * Latin American Students Association (LASA) * Media in International Conflict * Microfinance Working Group * Migration Working Group * Net Impact * Nihon Benkyokai/Japan Exchange Forum (NBK) * Nordic American Students Association (nasa) * QUIPASA Queers in International and Public Affairs * School of International and Public Affairs Student Association-SIPASA * SIPA Energy Association * SIPA Finance Club * SIPA Pan-African Network * SIPA Turkish Initiative * South Asian Association (SAA) * Southeast Asia Student Initiative (SEASI) * Taiwan Focus * UN Studies Working Group

Activity Based Innovations For Uk Manufacturing Sector Essay

Activity Based Innovations [Name of the Writer] [Name of the Institution] Activity Based Innovations in UK Manufacturing Sector Introduction The addition of technological advancement in the business has increased the competition very much. There are several companies that rely totally on the technological development as that helps them control the cost and produce a high quality product. The current environment of the business demand that this advancement should be added to all the factors of the organizations like products and services, processes performances and costs, and all other organizational activities. It is one of the main aims of the company to produce products that are demanded by the customers but on the other hand they should yield profit as well. If a product has high demand as well as very high cost, the company might not produce such product if it fails to earn profit in that. Many companies on the other hand, use their cost systems to analyse which part of the company needs assistance and improvement. It is also very important to mention that the cost is a factor that can help the organization denote the changes needed in the product’s price, service, quality, product’s features and any other factor related to customer. So, the cost, having such great importance, should be added with the innovation aspect in order to improve the outcomes a company can get from the cost. There are many companies that do not rely on the cost system andShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Governments Play An Important Role Of Business Innovation1296 Words   |  6 Pages ‘Governments play an important role in business innovation.’ Discuss in relation to two sectors. Introduction It is a common notion that it is primarily the private sector that drives innovation and economic growth, while the government, at best, plays only organization role in ‘fixing market failures’. Under this myth lies a different story, where some of the best advanced economies in the world have been shaped directly by government ¬ led investments. By not being capable to recognize the governmentRead MoreEngineering Skills Gap At The Manufacturing Sector1644 Words   |  7 Pages Abstract This report looks into what the future may look like for the manufacturing sector as well as engineering in Wales. The future looks potentially very good, with many predictions of growth in the manufacturing sector, with a possible  £27 billion more each year from 2022, for the UK in general, drawing more companies in and creating many more jobs in the process. However, the main obstacle is an engineering skills gap, with many more engineers required to fill the vacanciesRead MoreThe Varieties Of Capitalism : The Institutional Foundations Of Comparative Advantage1633 Words   |  7 Pageseducation, and employees. Liberal Market Economies (LMEs) and Coordinated Market Economies (CMEs) can be viewed as the two prototypes representing the two ends of a continuum of national political economies. In LMEs, â€Å"†¦firms coordinate their activities primarily via hierarchies and competitive market arrangements. (†¦) Market relationships are characterized by the arm’s-length exchange of goods or services in a context of competition and formal contracting...† (Hall and Soskice, 2001, p8) On theRead MoreThe Success Or The Failure Of British Business1315 Words   |  6 Pagesway of tangibly measuring this phenomenon is through the types of investments made; particularly foreign direct investments (also known as FDI). Increase in FDI shows a globalization movement. In July 2013, UK trade and investment released the final annual investment figures which confirm the UK as leading European destination for FDI. The aim of this essay is to look at the evolution of both inward and outward foreign direct investments in Britain and then discuss the impact of the direction andRead MoreEconomic Development And Development Of Small And Medium Sized Enterprises ( Smes )2194 Words   |  9 Pagesact as the seedbed of innovation and technology discovery, however in Capitalism, Socailism and Democracy, published by Schumpeter in 1942, contradict the statement and form the current accustomed concept that large corporations are the engine to the progression of economic development and possess the ability to accelerate innovation through the process of creative destruction (Nicholas, 2003). By the 1980s, the economy gradually evolved from production-based into knowledge-based and the governmentRead MoreAn Introduction Of Innovation And Opportunities For Quantity Surveying Essay1878 Words   |  8 Pagesprofessionalism (Davis et al., 2007). Increasing pressure to improve performance of quantity surveying firms led to a need for applying new innovative sciences and solutions. Innovation with regards to quantity surveying is usually defined as technological and organizational improvements. According to Nkodo (1999) the need for innovation has become grater as increasing the range of business opportunities has become necessary for a firm’s continued growth, survival and profitability in competitive businessRead MoreOrganizational Learning: Annotated Bibliography Essay1375 Words   |  6 PagesBond, 2006. Working with Barriers to Organizational Learning. Networking for International Development. Retrieved from: http://www.bond.org.uk/data/files/resources/467/Barriers-to-Organisational-Learning-.pdf Bond is the network for over 290 UK-based non-governmental organizations working in the international development and development education. The organization stresses the barriers to organizational learning as due to bias for action, failure to hold discussions, and lack of commitment. OnRead MoreVideo Game Industry Overview1431 Words   |  6 Pagestwo different sectors with the first being the software sector which constitutes the games themselves and the second is the infrastructure and the technology that is needed to support the playing of the games. These sectors make the game industry. The software sector is further divided into first person shooter games, mass multi player online role gaming, role playing games, and platform games. There are so many games to choose from. The infrastructure and the technology sector are of great strategicRead MoreECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF GLOBALIZATION ON TELECOMMUNICATION INDUSTRY1682 Words   |  7 Pageshighly integrated, leading to a global economy and highly global economic policymaking, through international agencies such as the World Trade Organization (Todaro Smith, 2006). Since late 1980s, the increasing globalization in the manufacturing sector and service sector has also globalized the telecommunication industry. A large number of telecom companies are expanding rapidly from their home countries to other countries in order to increase their customer base and their sales, off course. GlobalizationRead MoreFord Motor Company s Goals Essay2188 Words   |  9 Pageswith their activities, car transmission system problems, and issues with the promotion of the environment and sustainability in production. Through detailed data collection and analysis, the aim of this capstone project is to assess different problems with Ford cars transmission problems, with the objective of making the company’s goals of improving the environment by reducing greenhouse gas emission, implementing methods of manufacturing that are efficient, and working with innovations as well as

Odysseus A Hero Essay - 1074 Words

When we hear the word hero, more than one idea comes to mind. Not only do we think of people that we look up to in our world, but we also think of heroes in the fictional world. To be a hero can mean a variety of different things. Leaders, singers, and even parents can be a hero that someone looks up too. But in the fictional world, a hero is someone who has learned from his or hers journey to come out a changed person. Some characters complete the journey, while others do not quite make it to the end. In The Odyssey, Odysseus takes more than one leap of faith on his journey to become a hero by learning from his mistakes, making personal sacrifices, and becoming a better man. After making mistakes, Odysseus realizes his wrong doings†¦show more content†¦Throughout his journey, Odysseus is put in positions that challenge him mentally and physically. Sometimes, these trials require sacrificing personal values and items before he can overcome them. Like on Kirke’s island , Odysseus makes a sacrifice very few would: â€Å"She will cower and yield her bed- a pleasure you must not decline† (X, 334-335). To free his men, Odysseus gives in to temptation not because he wants to, but because he is willing to put forward his self to get out them all out of this situation. Even though his men got themselves changed into swine, Odysseus’s courage and thoughts of home is what frees them from their curse. This shows that the son of Laertes will surrender what is his, to keep the people around him safe. In another part of the journey, his crew mates even ask him if he is â€Å"flesh and blood...to endure more of a man can† (XII, 358-359) because he tells them not to land on Thrinakia. But when Odysseus sees that his crew does need the rest, he submits and tells them to land. Here, Odysseus knows of the dangers and temptations that lay ahead of them if they land, but he agrees to it because his crew needs to regain their energy to continue. A lthough the outcome of his decision was fatal for his crew, his choice shows that he would risk their journey to keep his men in healthy condition. Near the end of the book, Odysseus makes another sacrifice needed to keep things quiet. He tells the old nurse â€Å"BeShow MoreRelatedThe Hero Of Odysseus900 Words   |  4 PagesRogers Some people think of a hero as someone with courage, determination, or someone that have risked their lives for others. Others think of a hero as someone who has outstanding strength and is clever. A hero, not only has physical strength, but also has mental strength as well. Odysseus, ruler of Ithaca, proves he is a hero by having all of these traits. Odysseus fights through hard times and overcomes obstacles, he kept his men together for most of the story, and he avenges himself whenRead MoreOdysseus Is A Hero?950 Words   |  4 Pagesmost people, Odysseus is believed as a hero. A hero is a person who is admired or idealized for courage, achievements, and noble qualities. In one of Homer’s classic epics, The Odyssey, Odysseus is admired by many people as a man who has intelligence, nobility, and confidence. However, women who both loved and knew Odysseus than anyone, thought of him differently and knew him in depth. Through The Meadowlands and The Penelopiad, Circe and Pene lope showed their strong opinions of this â€Å"hero† through theirRead MoreOdysseus Is A Hero?1143 Words   |  5 PagesHomer, The character Odysseus is one of the greek heros in this book. He is known as a great hero, because he manages to get through all of these dangerous mission such as : First odysseus makes it alive after travelling for ten years and facing different and more difficult challenges. Odyssey faces dangerous creatures and people. Homer have odysseus pass all theses task and missions to name him one of the great greek gods that ever lived . Some may say Odysseus is not a hero but why would HomerRead MoreOdysseus A Hero730 Words   |  3 PagesIs Odysseus a Hero? Heroes are often thought of as great figures that conquer evil, kill the monster, and save the day. Odysseus is often referred to as a hero. He is a strong individual striving to complete his goal, return to his wife and son and remove suitors that have taken his home. Although he is seen as a hero by definition and he appears to be one as well there are decisions he made that may not be truly heroic. In The Odyssey by Homer, Odysseus decisions to value his crews life, andRead MoreIs Odysseus Not Hero?1706 Words   |  7 Pageshearts. Many people argue that Odysseus is not hero but considering the things he does through his journey his characteristics began to show a little of his heroic side. In The Wanderings of Odysseus from the Odyssey a epic poem by Homer, Odysseus is on his way back to Ithaca his home island after winning the ten year old Trojan War to come see his wife, Penelope and his son, Telemachus. The journey to home takes a very unexpected turn for Odysseus and his m en. Odysseus is challenged with many obstaclesRead MoreOdysseus Is Not A Hero1965 Words   |  8 PagesMerriam-Webster defines a hero as, â€Å"A person who is admired for great or brave acts or fine qualities.† For Odysseus to be a hero this definition is supposed to fit and describe him and his character, but why does this definition not describe or fit him and his character? This is because Odysseus is not a hero. Odysseus has done unethical things on his journey that makes him a person that should go unadmired. For example, when Odysseus ignored the death of his man in order to make more progress onRead MoreLoachus : A Hero : Odysseus As A Hero737 Words   |  3 PagesOdysseus is a Hero There are countless ways to describe a hero. A hero is someone who fights for what they believe in. They fight with their men and are determined to come back home. In the Odyssey, Odysseus is a hero because he is a leader, very determined, and is extremely skillful. Odysseus was a leader in various ways. He led his men through the Trojan War and many difficult challenges that faced them. Sometimes he didnt want so many men walking in on something unexpected, so he only took aRead More Odysseus: A Hero Essay1333 Words   |  6 PagesOdysseus: A Hero Heroism was not an invention of the Greeks. Yet, through the first hundreds years of their civilization, the Greek literature has already given birth to highly polished and complex long epics that revolved around heroes. These literature works gave many possibilities of definition of heroism. The Greeks illustrated heroism to obey the rules laid down by the gods and goddesses, and those who obey the rules would gain honor and fame. The Greeks regarded intelligence as oneRead MoreOdysseus: the Anti-Hero1534 Words   |  7 PagesOdysseus: The Anti-Hero Throughout Homer’s epic The Odyssey, Odysseus is a hero. In all myths and legends, a hero combats the â€Å"monsters.† In the typical story a hero is unselfish and fights to protect his people while the monsters are greedy powerful things that antagonize the people. Yet despite this typical storyline, if we read closely, we may conclude that Odysseus is actually the oppressive hero in many of these situations – provoking the â€Å"monsters† into fighting. The â€Å"monsters† in the OdysseyRead MoreOdysseus As A Great Hero869 Words   |  4 PagesTen years after the fall of Troy, Odysseus a great hero has yet to return to his home in Ithaca. It begins with Athena and Poseidon who helped the Greeks during the Trojan War. Athena turned against the Greeks and convinces Poseidon to do the same. The Greeks are hit by storms on the way home and many ships are destroyed and the fleet is scattered. The war and his distress at sea keep Odysseus away from Ithaca for twenty years. While Odyesseus was gone his son Telemachus has grown into a man and

Apes Air Pollution Vocabulary Free Essays

Chapter 17 Vocab * Acid deposition- the settling of acidic or acid-forming pollutants from the atmosphere onto Earth’s surface. * Acid rain- Acid deposition that takes place through rain. * Aerosols- very fine liquid droplets or solid particles aloft in the atmosphere. We will write a custom essay sample on Apes Air Pollution Vocabulary or any similar topic only for you Order Now * Air pollutant- gases and particulate material added to the atmosphere that can affect climate or harm people or other organisms. * Air pollution- the act of pollution the air, or the condition of being polluted by air pollutants. Ambient air pollution- see outdoor pollution * Atmospheric pressure- the weight per unit area produced by a column of air * Carbon monoxide- a colorless, odorless gas produced primarily by the incomplete combustion of fuel. * CFC’s- chlorofluorocarbon. One of a group of human-made organic compounds derived from simple hydrocarbons in which hydrogen atoms are replaced by chlorine, bromine, fluorine. Clean Air Act of 1970- revision of prior congressional legislation to control air pollution that set stricter standards for air quality, imposed limits on emissions from new stationary and mobile sources, provided new funds for pollution-control research and enabled citizens to sue parties violating the standards. * Clean Air Act of 1990- congressional l egislation that strengthened regulations pertaining to air quality standards, auto emissions, toxic air pollution, acid deposition, and depletion of the ozone layer, while also introducing market-based incentives to reduce pollution. Cold front- the boundary where a mass of cold air displaces a mass of warmer air. * Convective circulation- a circular current driven by temperature differences * Coriolis effect-The observed effect of the Coriolis force, especially the deflection of an object moving above the earth, rightward in the northern hemisphere and leftward in the southern hemisphere. Criteria pollutant- six air pollutants- carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, tropospheric ozone, particulate matter, and lead- for which the Environmental Protection Agency has established maximum allowable concentrations in ambient outdoor air because of the threats they pose to human health. * Ferrel cell-An atmospheric cell lying between the two thermally direct cells: the Polar c ell and the Hadley cell. It transfers warm air to high latitudes and shifts cold air back to the subtropics, where it is warmed. Front- the boundary between air masses that differ in temperature and moisture. * Ground level ozone- see tropospheric ozone. * Hadley cell- A large-scale atmospheric convection cell in which air rises at the equator and sinks at medium latitudes. * Halocarbons- A chlorofluorocarbon or other compound in which the hydrogen of a hydrocarbon is replaced by halogens. * Inversion layer- in a temperature inversion, the band of air in which temperature rises with altitude. Montreal Protocol- he Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer is a protocol to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer. It is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of a number of substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion. * Nitrogen dioxide- a foul-smelling reddish brown gas that contrib utes to smog and acid deposition. * Outdoor pollution-air pollution that occurs outdoors Ozone depleting substances- airborne chemicals that destroy ozone molecules and thin the ozone layer * Ozone hole- thinning of the ozone layer over Antarctica. * Ozone layer- a portion of the stratosphere that contains most of the ozone * Particulate matter- solid or liquid particles small enough to be suspended in the atmosphere and able to damage respiratory tissues when inhaled. * Photochemical smog- air pollution containing ozone and other reactive chemical compounds formed by the action of sunlight on nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons, especially those in automobile exhaust. Polar cell- one of a pair of cells of convective circulation. * Primary pollutant- directly harmful * Relative humidity-the ratio of the water vapor contained in a given volume of air to the maximum amount the air could contain for a given temperature * Residence time- in a biogeochemical cycle, the amount of time a nutr ient remains in a given pool or reservoir before moving to another * Secondary pollutant- added to the atmosphere Sick building syndrome- a building-related illness produced by indoor pollution in which the specific cause is not identifiable. * Stratosphere- the layer of the atmosphere above the troposphere and below the mesosphere * Temperature inversion- an abnormal increase in temperature with height in the troposphere * Troposphere- the bottommost layer of the atmosphere * VOCs- volatile organic compound How to cite Apes Air Pollution Vocabulary, Papers

Philosophy Of Jeremy Bentham Essay Example For Students

Philosophy Of Jeremy Bentham Essay Over time, the actions of mankind have been the victim of two vague labels, right and wrong. The criteria for these labels are not clearly defined, but they still seem to be the standard by which the actions of man are judged. There are some people that abide by a deontological view when it comes to judging the nature of actions; the deontological view holds that it is a persons intention that makes an action right or wrong. On the other hand there is the teleological view which holds that it is the result of an action is what makes that act right or wrong. In this essay I will be dealing with utilitarianism, a philosophical principle that holds a teleological view when it comes the nature of actions. To solely discuss utilitarianism is much too broad of topic and must be broken down, so I will discuss specifically quantitative utilitarianism as presented by Jeremy Bentham. In this essay I will present the argument of Bentham supporting his respective form of utilitarianism and I will give my critique of this argument along the way. Before the main discussion of the Benthams utilitarianism gets underway, lets first establish what utilitarianism is. As stated in the introduction, utilitarianism is a teleological philosophy that is primarily concerned with the results of an action when determining the nature of that act. Utilitarianism operates primarily under the greater happiness principal, in other words, utilitarians believe that one should only act in such a way that the results of that act should produce the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest for the greatest number of people. It is due to this view that utilitarianism is often criticized for being too hedonistic because it places the moral value of an act only on how much that act effects happiness. The teleological nature of utilitarianism also can serve as a problem because it pays no attention to the intention an action and can make acts of an immoral nature justifiably right. I will use the example that a professor of mine used in which a man tries to snatch an old ladys purse and in his struggle to do so he pulls her out of the way of a speeding vehicle thus saving her life. This act, although it started with mischievous intent, ended with a life being saved and surely produced the greatest amount of happiness for the old lady. In the utilitarian eye this act is morally acceptable and right due to the fact that happiness was produced. Jeremy Bentham was a utilitarian philosopher with his own version of this particular of this teleological view called Quantitative Utilitarianism. Benthams utilitarianism argument starts by giving his principle of utility which judges all actions based on its tendency to promote or diminish happiness of whoever is involved, be it a community or an individual. According to Bentham, an action is right if, it increases happiness and decreases suffering and is wrong it does not. Also included in his view of utilitarianism is a way to calculate the general tendency of any act and its affect on a community. The calculation is based on the seven circumstances of the act, which are: its intensity, its duration, its certainty or uncertainty, its propinquity or remoteness, its fecundity (tendency to be followed by sensations of like kind), its purity (tendency not to be followed by sensations of unlike kind), and its extent (number of people affected). With these circumstances in order, one can start to calculate the nature of the act and according to Bentham after the completion of the process, one can make an accurate assessment of the true nature of the act. Here is where my critique of Benthams Quantitative Utilitarianism comes into the picture. Essay about The Pros and Cons of Social Surveys in Sociological Research Essay There are too many things that need to be done in order to come to the final conclusion and on top of that, the process instructs you to repeat however many times necessary. Secondly, the terms fecundity and purity seem like the same thing. I can not see the difference between taking into account the chance of something being followed by something else of same nature and taking into account the chance of something not being followed by something of opposite nature. If I am trying to estimate the chances a pleasurable sensation has of being followed by another pleasurable sensation, is that not the same as trying to estimate the chances a pleasurable sensation has of not being followed by a painful sensation. In both scenarios I am trying to see if the original pleasurable sensation will be followed by another pleasurable sensation. Thirdly, the problem of again rises about value. In the first case, the value for interests went unspecified, now in this case it is the value of pleasure and plain. Throughout Benthams explaining of how to calculate how an act affects a communitys interest, he once again fails to give some kind of value for pleasure and pain. We are instructed to take every pleasure and every pain into account and them sum up all the values in order to get a balance, but there is no value. Bentham also repeats the mistake of treating abstract concepts as concrete concepts. Just like individual interests, pleasure and pain are relative. The ways that pleasure and pain affect people vary and what is pleasurable for one person may not be pleasurable for another. Another problem with this method has to do with the end product of the account process. Bentham says that after all of the values of pleasure and pain are summed up, if the balance is on the side of pleasure the act as a whole has a good tendency, as the same for pain. But what if there is no side that the balance lay on? Hypothetically speaking, if there were a community of 200 people and after all of the values of pleasure and pain were added up and the results were split down the middle, what tendency would the act have? In order to even start to answer this there would have to be some sort of value for the pleasure and pain. The values would also have to differ in order to get a definite end result, certain pains and pleasures would have to weigh more than others, but thats Qualitative Utilitarianism. As for Bentham and Quantitative Utilitarianism this is all I have to say, its all that I could muster. In conclusion, Benthams essay does read well. He is very precise in keeping his argument consistent. If there were some kind of way to give things like pleasure and pain definite values, then his quantitative method would be that which all other methods would go by. But things of that nature vary too much and too often to even try to try.